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Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression.
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that chronic exercise increases endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/nitric oxide (NO)-mediated epicardial coronary artery dilation in response to brief occlusion and acetylcholine. This finding suggests that exercise can provide a stimulus for the enhanced production of EDRF/NO, thus possibly contributing to the beneficial effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether chronic exercise could influence the production of NO (measured as the stable degradation product, nitrite) and endothelial cell NO synthase (ECNOS) gene expression in vessels from dogs after chronic exercise. To this end, dogs were exercised by running on a treadmill (9.5 km/h for 1 hour, twice daily) for 10 days, and nitrite production in large coronary vessels and microvessels and ECNOS gene expression in aortic endothelial extracts were assessed. Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L) dose-dependently increased the release of nitrite (inhibited by nitro-L-arginine) from coronary arteries and microvessels in control and exercised dogs. Moreover, acetylcholine-stimulated nitrite production was markedly enhanced in large coronary arteries and microvessels prepared from hearts of dogs after chronic exercise compared with hearts from control dogs. One potential mechanism that may contribute to the enhanced production of nitrite in vessels from exercised dogs may be the induction of the calcium-dependent ECNOS gene. Steady-state mRNA levels for ECNOS were significantly higher than mRNA levels for von Willebrand's factor (vWF, a specific endothelial cell marker) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, a constitutively expressed gene) in exercised dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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“One important activator of production of NO in the endothelium is shear stress (43, 163).”
From Red Blood Cell Function and Dysfunction: Redox Regulation, Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Anemia (2017) · cites this paper as [163]
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“…function that results from exercise training (Delp et al., 1993; Delp and Laughlin, 1997; Graham and Rush, 2004; Hambrecht et al., 1998; 2000; Higashi et al., 1999a; 1999b; Kingwell et al., 1996; Muller et al., 1994; Rush et al., 2000; 2003; Sessa et al., 1994; Woodman et al., 1997; 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialTraining induces nonuniform increases in eNOS content along the coronary arterial tree
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“Animal studies have found that exercise training is associated with an increase in vascular NO production (30, 32) and upregulation of NO synthase expression (30), again attributable to repeated episodes of vascular wall shear stress.”
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“Thus we hypothesize that in the early phase, before onset of hypertension, diet-induced oxidative stress and eNOS deficiency promote endothelial dysfunction, whereas in the latter phase (2 yr), when hypertension has developed, eNOS may be upregulated possibly by increased shear stress and/or as a compensatory attempt…”
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“Chronic high blood flow has been demonstrated to increase aortic eNOS expression and NO production (37, 47), suggesting that increased NO synthesis is a normal chronic adaptive mechanism of the endothelium in response to chronic increases in flow-induced shear stress.”
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“In fact, the reduction of IR (19) and enhanced endothelial NOS gene expression (20) are the potential mechanisms by which regular aerobic exercise may increase endothelium-dependent vasodilation.”
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“Previously, it has been shown that NOS gene expression in endothelial cells is augmented after exposure to increased shear stress levels (49) and similar observations were made in animal training studies, where repeated episodes of increased shear stress seemed to be the basis for a NOS mRNA upregulation (42).”
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“This NOS isoform is bound to the plasma membrane and regulates the production of NO by endothelial cells in response to enhanced blood flow (Sessa et al, 1994).”
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“This has been demonstrated in dogs, mice, rats, and pigs (11, 20, 21, 23, 28).”
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“These elements are probably involved in the upregulation of eNOS transcript abundance by physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as exercice (29) or hypoxia (2).”
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“Increased endomyocardial inducible and endothelial NOS gene expression has also been associated with augmented LV diastolic function and reduced diastolic stiffness.(20,22) In addition, chronic inhibition of NOS has been shown in animal models to induce progressive myocardial interstitial and peri-vascular fibrosis th…”
BackgroundEffects of Short-Term Endurance Training on Aortic Distensibility in Young Males
Kakiyama, T., Sugawara, J., Murakami, H., Maeda, S., Kuno, S., & Matsuda, M. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000152733.12578.5a · Cited by 115
Regulation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis by Shear Stress
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Transcriptional Induction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III by Lysophosphatidylcholine
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“A number of studies have reported that the beneficial effect of physical training in lowering LDL-cholesterol and increasing HDL-cholesterol particles [10], as well as improving the endothelium-derived relaxing response and lead to a prevention of atherosclerosis due to increased nitric oxide (NO) production and/or it…”
BackgroundNitric oxide synthase regulation and diversity: Implications in Parkinson’s disease
Kavya, R., Saluja, R., Singh, S., & Dikshit, M. (2006) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2006.07.003 · Cited by 110
“Shear stress and chronic exercise increase the expression of eNOS [39,40].”
BackgroundRegulation of Aquaporin-1 and Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in a Rat Model of Acute Peritonitis
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sessa, W. C., Pritchard, K., Seyedi, N., Wang, J., & Hintze, T. H.
- Affiliations
- New York Medical College (US)
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 1994-02
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 349-353
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- OpenAlex
- W2125823894
- Cited by
- 934
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 32.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL043023, P01 HL 43023)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Keywords
- exercise training, nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, coronary arteries, coronary microvessels, nitrite production, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, acetylcholine, von Willebrand factor, aortic endothelial cells, treadmill running, dogs
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Coronary Vessels, Dogs, Endothelium, Vascular, Physical Exertion, Female, Male, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, RNA, Time Factors, Gene Expression, Nitric Oxide Synthase
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