Cited by 141Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Dietary Nitrate, Nitric Oxide, and Cardiovascular Health

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Bondonno, Catherine P., Croft, Kevin D., Hodgson, Jonathan M.·2016·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

Abstract

Emerging evidence strongly suggests that dietary nitrate, derived in the diet primarily from vegetables, could contribute to cardiovascular health via effects on nitric oxide (NO) status. NO plays an essential role in cardiovascular health. It is produced via the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway and the recently discovered enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The discovery of this alternate pathway has highlighted dietary nitrate as a candidate for the cardioprotective effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Clinical trials with dietary nitrate have observed improvements in blood pressure, endothelial function, ischemia-reperfusion injury, arterial stiffness, platelet function, and exercise performance with a concomitant augmentation of markers of NO status. While these results are indicative of cardiovascular benefits with dietary nitrate intake, there is still a lingering concern about nitrate in relation to methemoglobinemia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is the purpose of this review to present an overview of NO and its critical role in cardiovascular health; to detail the observed vascular benefits of dietary nitrate intake through effects on NO status as well as to discuss the controversy surrounding the possible toxic effects of nitrate.

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Crossref · 10.1080/10408398.2013.811212

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  • Beetroot is one of the richest dietary sources of inorganic nitrate (250-400 mg/100 g fresh weight), depending on agronomic and storage conditions.

    “Depending on agronomic and storage conditions, it is also one of the richest dietary sources of inorganic nitrate (250–400 mg/100 g fresh weight) [80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95].”
  • Epidemiological and clinical data link the intake of vegetable-derived nitrates with reduced arterial stiffness, lower platelet aggregation, and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury; these effects are influenced by dose, microbiome integrity, and redox status.

    “Epidemiological and clinical data link the intake of vegetable-derived nitrates with reduced arterial stiffness, lower platelet aggregation, and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. These effects are influenced by dose, microbiome integrity, and redox status [88,89].”

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Authors
Bondonno, C. P., Croft, K. D., & Hodgson, J. M.
Affiliations
The University of Western Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
Bondonno, Catherine P.
Venue
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Published
2016-06-27
Volume
56
Issue
12
Pages
2036-2052
ISSN
  • 1040-8398 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-7852
OpenAlex
W260652415
Cited by
141
References
183
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5
FWCI
5.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords
dietary nitrate, nitric oxide, cardiovascular health, blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, platelet function, exercise performance, ischemia-reperfusion injury, methemoglobinemia, nitrate toxicity, cancer risk, fruit and vegetable intake
MeSH terms
Arginine, Cardiovascular System, Diet, Fruit, Health Promotion, Humans, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Vegetables, Nitric Oxide Synthase

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