Mortality From Ischemic Heart Disease: Analysis of Data From the World Health Organization and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors From NCD Risk Factor Collaboration
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Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been considered the top cause of mortality globally. However, countries differ in their rates and there have been changes over time. Methods and Results: We analyzed mortality data submitted to the World Health Organization from 2005 to 2015 by individual countries. We explored patterns in relationships with age, sex, and income and calculated age-standardized mortality rates for each country in addition to crude death rates. In 5 illustrative countries which provided detailed data, we analyzed trends of mortality from IHD and 3 noncommunicable diseases (lung cancer, stroke, and chronic lower respiratory tract diseases) and examined the simultaneous trends in important cardiovascular risk factors. Russia, United States, and Ukraine had the largest absolute numbers of deaths among the countries that provided data. Among 5 illustrative countries (United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine), IHD was the top cause of death, but mortality from IHD has progressively decreased from 2005 to 2015. Age-standardized IHD mortality rates per 100 000 people per year were much higher in Ukraine (324) and Kazakhstan (97) than in United States (60), Brazil (54), and the United Kingdom (46), with much less difference in other causes of death. All 5 countries showed a progressive decline in IHD mortality, with a decline in smoking and hypertension and in all cases a rise in obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: IHD remains the single largest cause of death in countries of all income groups. Rates are different between countries and are falling in most countries, indicating great potential for further gains. On the horizon, future improvements may become curtailed by increasing hypertension in some developing countries and more importantly global growth in obesity.
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MI and ischemic cardiomyopathy are among the leading causes of heart failure, associated morbidity, and death worldwide and continue to impose staggering financial burden on healthcare systems.
“Despite advancements in clinical management, MI and ischemic cardiomyopathy are among the leading causes of heart failure, associated morbidity, and death worldwide 3,4 and continue to impose staggering financial burden on healthcare systems 3,5-8 .”
From Targeting the Immune-Fibrosis Axis in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The Discussion’s Conclusions state that ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death across income groups, supporting the worldwide mortality portion. The paper does not establish that MI and ischemic cardiomyopathy are leading causes of heart failure or associated morbidity, or that they impose a staggering financial burden on healthcare systems; its discussion of economic conditions does not make that claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Nowbar, A. N., Gitto, M., Howard, J. P., Francis, D. P., & Al-Lamee, R.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.N.N., M.G., J.P.H., D.P.F., R.A.-L.).
- Corresponding author
- Nowbar, Alexandra N.
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e005375-e005375
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- PMC
- PMC6613716
- OpenAlex
- W2950663303
- Cited by
- 860
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 121 · 2024: 149 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 147 · 2021: 133 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 12 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 71.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (212183/Z/18/Z)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Global Health and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- ischemic heart disease, mortality trends, age-standardized mortality rates, non-communicable diseases, lung cancer, stroke, cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, income inequality, sex differences, global burden of disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, Global Health, World Health Organization, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Myocardial Ischemia, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Health Status Disparities
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