Cited by 98Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and ManagementCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease: The End of the Beginning

Reaven, Gerald·2005·Circulation

Abstract

n his 1939 Goulstonian Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians in London, Harold Himsworth addressed the "Mechanisms of Diabetes."In the course of these 3 presentations, 1-3 he provided evidence that "diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the essential lesion is a diminished ability of the tissue to utilize glucose.The high blood sugar is a controlled and compensatory phenomenon, the object of which is to facilitate the utilization of glucose by the tissues."In addition, he challenged the conventional wisdom that "all causes of human diabetes could be explained by deficiency of insulin" and went on to utter the heretical notion that "a state of diabetes might result from inefficient action of insulin as well as from a lack of insulin."Thus, the notion of a causal role of insulin resistance in human disease was born almost 70 years ago.

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Crossref · 10.1161/circulationaha.105.504670

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  • The most frequent modifiable determinant of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia is adiposity.

    “The most frequent modifiable determinant of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia is adiposity (Reaven, 2005; Reaven and Laws, 1999), although adipose tissue is not the only factor.”

    From Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (2008) · cites this paper as Reaven, 2005

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Himsworth HP. The mechanism of diabetes mellitus, I. Lancet. 1939; 2:1-6.
  2. Himsworth HP. The mechanism of diabetes mellitus, II: the control of the blood sugar level (cont). Lancet. 1939;2:118 -122.
  3. Lillioja S, Mott DM, Spraul M, Ferraro R, Foley JE, Ravussin E, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Bogardus C. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1988 -1992.

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Authors
Reaven, G.
Affiliations
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Reaven, Gerald
Venue
Circulation
Published
2005-11-15
Volume
112
Issue
20
Pages
3030-3032
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
OpenAlex
W2127151873
Cited by
98
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Risk Assessment, Metabolic Syndrome

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