Prediction of Clinical Cardiovascular Events With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Background— Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is increasingly used as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Its use relies on its ability to predict future clinical cardiovascular end points. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data to examine this association. Methods and Results— Using a prespecified search strategy, we identified 8 relevant studies and compared study design, measurement protocols, and reported data. We identified sources of heterogeneity between studies. The assumption of a linear relationship between IMT and risk was challenged by use of a graphical technique. To obtain a pooled estimate of the relative risk per IMT difference, we performed a meta-analysis based on random effects models. The age- and sex-adjusted overall estimates of the relative risk of myocardial infarction were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.30) per 1–standard deviation common carotid artery IMT difference and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.17) per 0.10-mm common carotid artery IMT difference. The age- and sex-adjusted relative risks of stroke were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.38) per 1–standard deviation common carotid artery IMT difference and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.21) per 0.10-mm common carotid artery IMT difference. Major sources of heterogeneity were age distribution, carotid segment definition, and IMT measurement protocol. The relationship between IMT and risk was nonlinear, but the linear models fitted relatively well for moderate to high IMT values. Conclusions— Carotid IMT is a strong predictor of future vascular events. The relative risk per IMT difference is slightly higher for the end point stroke than for myocardial infarction. In future IMT studies, ultrasound protocols should be aligned with published studies. Data for younger individuals are limited and more studies are required.
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Findings of arteriosclerosis in the carotid arteries are an independent risk factor for CVD.
“In addition, findings of arteriosclerosis in the carotid arteries are an independent risk factor for CVD6, 8).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Lorenz, M. W., Markus, H. S., Bots, M. L., Rosvall, M., & Sitzer, M.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-01-30
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 459-467
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2072751592
- Cited by
- 2,977
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 87 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 156 · 2016: 185 · 2015: 210 · 2014: 212 · 2013: 242 · 2012: 204
- FWCI
- 107.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- University of Oxford
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- carotid intima-media thickness, cardiovascular risk prediction, myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, common carotid artery, surrogate markers
- MeSH terms
- Carotid Arteries, Carotid Artery Diseases, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Stroke
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