Interaction between cognition, emotion, and the autonomic nervous system
Open accessAbstract
The mind and body are intrinsically and dynamically coupled. Perceptions, thoughts and feelings change, and respond to, the state of the body. This chapter describes the integration of cognitive and affective processes with the autonomic control of bodily arousal, focusing on reciprocal effects of autonomic responses on decision making, error detection, memory and emotions. Neuroimaging techniques are beginning to detail the neuronal substrates mediating these interactions between mental and physiological states, implicating cortical regions (specifically insular and cingulate cortices) alongside subcortical (amygdala) and brainstem (notably dorsal pons) in these mechanisms. The extent to which bodily states influence mental processes is determined in part by "interoceptive sensitivity," an index of individual differences in the ability to detect one's own bodily sensations. Moreover, the misidentification or misattribution of interoceptive responses is implicated in a number of pathologies such as depersonalization, schizophrenia, and anxiety. Increasing knowledge of the mechanisms of body-mind interactions has wide ranging implications, from decision making to empathy, and may serve elucidate potential avenues of intervention for stress-sensitive conditions in which psychological, cognitive, and emotional factors impact on the expression of physical symptoms.
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HR, as an index of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, is related to cognition arousal and subjective efforts.
“In contrast, HR, as an index of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, is related to cognition arousal and subjective efforts.19”
From Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
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Mental stress and sudden cardiac death: asymmetric midbrain activity as a linking mechanism
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Self-citationThe neural correlates of orienting: An integration of fMRI and skin conductance orienting
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Cognitive Modulation of Time‐Dependent Primary Bradycardia
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Primate orbitofrontal cortex and adaptive behaviour
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Schizophrenia and sudden cardiac death—A review
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A Quantitative Meta-Analysis on Cue-Induced Male Sexual Arousal
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Emotional and autonomic consequences of spinal cord injury explored using functional brain imaging
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Self-citationProcessing of observed pupil size modulates perception of sadness and predicts empathy.
Harrison, N. A., Wilson, C. E., & Critchley, H. D. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.724 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the Impact of Ketamine on the Experience of Illusory Body Ownership
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Acute Depressed Mood as a Trigger of Acute Coronary Syndromes
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Baseline Vagal Tone Predicts BOLD Response during Elicitation of Grief
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Baroreceptor activation attenuates attentional effects on pain-evoked potentials
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Self-citationEffects of artificial and natural baroreceptor stimulation on nociceptive responding and pain
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Implicit memory for emotional words is modulated by cardiac perception
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The role of autonomic arousal in feelings of familiarity
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Self-citationLane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198705000-00006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cognitive functioning in orthostatic hypotension due to pure autonomic failure
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Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Intracortical Structure in vivo
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Inhibition of human muscle sympathetic activity by sensory stimulation
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Autonomic nervous system in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder.
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Excess in cardiovascular events on Mondays: a meta-analysis and prospective study
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Emotional stress as a trigger in sudden cardiac death.
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Dexamphetamine effects on separate constructs in the rubber hand illusion test
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Autonomic contributions to empathy: Evidence from patients with primary autonomic failure
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Self-citationThe Effect of Mental Stress on the Non-Dipolar Components of the T Wave: Modulation by Hypnosis
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In search of cerebral error detectors
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Increases in Heart Failure Visits After Christmas and New Year’s Day
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Autonomic nervous system in euthymic patients with bipolar affective disorder
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Brain Imaging of Stress and Cardiovascular Responses
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
Garfinkel, S. N., Seth, A. K., Barrett, A. B., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2015) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004 · Cited by 1,624 · see citing works
Self-citationMenon, V. (2015) · Brain Mapping · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00052-x · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Challenges and opportunities for grounding cognition.
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Threat and the body: how the heart supports fear processing
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Self-citationPsychiatric and psychological aspects in the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
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Self-citationCognition, emotion, and the central autonomic network
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Self-citationInteroceptive Ability Predicts Survival on a London Trading Floor
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Self-citationI keep a close watch on this heart of mine: increased interoception in insomnia
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Meditation and cognitive ageing: the role of mindfulness meditation in building cognitive reserve.
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Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders
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Self-citationHuang, W., Liu, W., Chen, T., Chen, W., & Huang, W. (2020) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12392 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Remembering what did not happen: the role of hypnosis in memory recall and false memories formation
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Quadt, L., Csecs, J., Savage, G., Davies, G., Ramanuj, P., Hakim, A. J., Grey, N., Critchley, H. D., & Eccles, J. A. (2026) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-026-00214-5
Self-citation
- Authors
- Critchley, H., Eccles, J., & Garfinkel, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hugo Critchley
- Venue
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 117
- Pages
- 59-77
- ISSN
- 0072-9752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1903440721
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 49.61
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Handbook of clinical neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2009-27-003)
- Medical Research Council (MR/K002643/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- mind-body problem, autonomic nervous system, interoception, interoceptive sensitivity, decision-making, error detection, memory, emotions, insula, cingulate cortex, amygdala, dorsal pons, depersonalization, schizophrenia, anxiety, empathy, stress
- MeSH terms
- Autonomic Nervous System, Cognition, Emotions, Humans
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