The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic position is known to be associated with cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Reasons for these associations remain a topic of research. Inflammation could be an important mediating mechanism linking socioeconomic position to cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a study of 6814 men and women 45 to 84 years of age. Race- and ethnicity-stratified regression analyses were used to estimate associations of household income and education with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 before and after adjustment for infection and medication use, psychosocial factors, behaviors, adiposity, and diabetes mellitus. Low income was associated with higher concentrations of interleukin-6 in all race/ethnic groups. Percent differences associated with 1-SD-lower income were 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 11), 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10), 8% (95% CI, 4 to 11), and 8% (95% CI, 3 to 13) for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Hispanics. Low levels of education were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6 only among whites and blacks (percent difference in interleukin-6 associated with 1-SD-lower education: 9% [95% CI, 6 to 12] among Whites, and 7% [95% CI, 3 to 10] among blacks). Similar patterns were observed for C-reactive protein. Adiposity was the single most important factor explaining socioeconomic position associations, especially among blacks and whites. A smaller effect was seen for psychosocial factors and behaviors in all race groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both household income and education are associated with inflammation, but associations vary across race/ethnic groups. Associations likely result from socioeconomic position patterning of adiposity and other factors.
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“Persistent economic difficulties predict increased sickness absence, highlighting the broad impact of financial stress on health [117,118].”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“Economic difficulties also contribute to stress, with a low income being associated with higher concentrations of interleukin-6 across all racial and ethnic groups.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [118]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ranjit, N., Diez-Roux, A. V., Shea, S., Cushman, M., Ni, H., & Seeman, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- From the Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (N.R., A.V.D.-R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (S.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.C.); Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (H.N.); and Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (T...
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-11-20
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2383-2390
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2113254280
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Vermont
- Universidad CES
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95164-17-0-1, n01hc95165-34-0-1, n01hc95161-24-0-1, n01hc095169-003, n01hc95162-31-0-1, n01hc95160-18-0-1, n01hc95163-22-0-1, n01hc95159-40-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, (N01-HC-95163, N01 HC-95161, N01 HC95165, N01HC95164, R01HL076831, N01 HC-95162, N01 HC95169)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD047861)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- socioeconomic position, household income, educational attainment, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, race and ethnicity, atherosclerosis, adiposity, cardiovascular risk, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Biomarkers, Racial Groups, Atherosclerosis
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