Cited by 168Health disparities and outcomesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Ranjit, Nalini, Diez-Roux, Ana V., Shea, Steven, Cushman, Mary, Ni, Hanyu, Seeman, Teresa·2007·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.107.706226

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low socioeconomic position is known to be associated with cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Reasons for these associations remain a topic of research. Inflammation could be an important mediating mechanism linking socioeconomic position to cardiovascular risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline examination of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a study of 6814 men and women 45 to 84 years of age. Race- and ethnicity-stratified regression analyses were used to estimate associations of household income and education with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 before and after adjustment for infection and medication use, psychosocial factors, behaviors, adiposity, and diabetes mellitus. Low income was associated with higher concentrations of interleukin-6 in all race/ethnic groups. Percent differences associated with 1-SD-lower income were 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 11), 6% (95% CI, 1 to 10), 8% (95% CI, 4 to 11), and 8% (95% CI, 3 to 13) for whites, Chinese, blacks, and Hispanics. Low levels of education were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6 only among whites and blacks (percent difference in interleukin-6 associated with 1-SD-lower education: 9% [95% CI, 6 to 12] among Whites, and 7% [95% CI, 3 to 10] among blacks). Similar patterns were observed for C-reactive protein. Adiposity was the single most important factor explaining socioeconomic position associations, especially among blacks and whites. A smaller effect was seen for psychosocial factors and behaviors in all race groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both household income and education are associated with inflammation, but associations vary across race/ethnic groups. Associations likely result from socioeconomic position patterning of adiposity and other factors.

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“Questões Frequência n(%) Corretas Incorretas Erradas Não sei Q1 77(49,7) 64(41,3) 5(3,2) 9(5,8) Q2 148(95,5) 3(1,9) 2(1,3) 2(1,3) Q3 130(83,9) 15(9,7) 3(1,9) 7(4,5) Q4 111(71,6) 27(17,4) 7(4,5) 10(6,5) Q5 119(76,8) 23(14,8) 2(1,3) 11(7,1) Q6 133(85,8) 11(7,1) 7(4,5) 4(2,6) Q7 109(70,3) 43(27,7) 1(0,6) 2(1,3) Q8 67(43,…”
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“dependent associations of both SES and conscientiousness with markers of inflammation [25, 55].”
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Body mass and the epidemic of chronic inflammation in early mid-adulthood
McDade, T. W., Meyer, J. M., Koning, S. M., & Harris, K. M. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114059 · Cited by 38
The social environment and IL-6 in rats and humans
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“The lack of association among Hispanic participants occurred primarily among those who did not speak English at home, suggesting an effect of acculturation (Ranjit et al., 2007).”
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Relation of Educational Level to Inflammation-Sensitive Biomarker Level
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Distinct inflammatory response patterns are evident among men and women with higher depressive symptoms
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Health Disparities in COVID-19: Addressing the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Immune System Dysfunction to Turn the Tide
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“Our results are in agreement with the previous evidence showing that both household income and education were associated with inflammation as a likely result of the socioeconomic patterning of adiposity and other factors (Ranjit et al. 2007), while being physically active was suggested as an effective tool to control…”
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“The present study completed a homogenous population of African-American women, who are a traditionally understudied group (23,24).”
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Estimating the Short-Term Effects of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Child Health
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“An elevated CRP level is also associated with increased risk of mortality (Marsik et al., 2008; Ridker, 2007).”
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Early origins of socioeconomic inequalities in chronic inflammation: Evaluating the contributions of low birth weight and short breastfeeding
McDade, T. W., & Koning, S. M. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113592 · Cited by 27
“Complementary lines of inquiry consider whether inflammation mediates the impact of intermediate psychosocial factors 6 (e.g., stress, depression, social isolation) on morbidity and mortality (Miller et al. 2002, Miller et al. 2003, McDade et al. 2006, Cole et al. 2007, Ranjit et al. 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The Impact of Educational Attainment on Observed Race/Ethnic Disparities in Inflammatory Risk in the 2001–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Dinwiddie, G. Y., Zambrana, R. E., Doamekpor, L. A., & López, L. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13010042 · Cited by 27
“However, smoking and heavy drinking have not consistently explained elevated CRP levels for NHBs or Hispanics [28,29].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Sleep Habits and Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Illness: the Moderating Role of Subjective Socioeconomic Status
Prather, A. A., Janicki‐Deverts, D., Adler, N. E., Hall, M. H., & Cohen, S. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9835-3 · Cited by 28
“, T-cell immunity) critical to the adequate protection from infectious agents, including the cold virus [44], and low SES individuals display elevated levels of systemic inflammation [45, 46].”
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Dimensions of Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Asthma Outcomes: Evidence for Distinct Behavioral and Biological Associations
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in cancer survivors
He, Y., Liu, X., Wang, M., Ke, H., & Ge, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-72027-5 · Cited by 26
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Impact of acculturation on cardiovascular risk factors among elderly Mexican Americans
López, L., Peralta, C. A., Lee, A., Hazzouri, A. Z. A., & Haan, M. N. (2014) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.07.011 · Cited by 22
Occupational characteristics and the progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque over 9 years: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
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The Effects of Stress at Work and at Home on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
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Association Between Socioeconomic Status Mobility and Inflammation Markers Among White and Black Adults in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis
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Educational Status, Anger, and Inflammation in the MIDUS National Sample: Does Race Matter?
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Authors: Ranjit, N., Diez-Roux, A. V., Shea, S., Cushman, M., Ni, H., & Seeman, T.
Affiliations: University of Vermont (US)
From the Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (N.R., A.V.D.-R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (S.S.); Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.C.); Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (H.N.); and Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (T...
ORCID: Ranjit, Nalini
Shea, Steven
Cushman, Mary
Ni, Hanyu
Seeman, Teresa
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2007-11-20
Volume: 116
Issue: 21
Pages: 2383-2390
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.706226
OpenAlex: W2113254280
Cited by: 168
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 13.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Vermont
Universidad CES
National Institutes of Health (n01hc95164-17-0-1, n01hc95165-34-0-1, n01hc95161-24-0-1, n01hc095169-003, n01hc95162-31-0-1, n01hc95160-18-0-1, n01hc95163-22-0-1, n01hc95159-40-0-1)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, (N01-HC-95163, N01 HC-95161, N01 HC95165, N01HC95164, R01HL076831, N01 HC-95162, N01 HC95169)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD047861)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: socioeconomic position, household income, educational attainment, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, race and ethnicity, atherosclerosis, adiposity, cardiovascular risk, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Biomarkers, Racial Groups, Atherosclerosis

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Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Inflammation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

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