Endothelial-Vasoprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Are Impaired in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus but Are Improved After Extended-Release Niacin Therapy
Open accessAbstract
Background— High-density lipoprotein (HDL)–raising therapies are currently under intense evaluation, but the effects of HDL may be highly heterogeneous. We therefore compared the endothelial effects of HDL from healthy subjects and from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and low HDL (meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome), who are frequently considered for HDL-raising therapies. Moreover, in diabetic patients, we examined the impact of extended-release (ER) niacin therapy on the endothelial effects of HDL. Methods and Results— HDL was isolated from healthy subjects (n=10) and patients with type 2 diabetes (n=33) by sequential ultracentrifugation. Effects of HDL on endothelial nitric oxide and superoxide production were characterized by electron spin resonance spectroscopy analysis. Effects of HDL on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and early endothelial progenitor cell–mediated endothelial repair were examined. Patients with diabetes were randomized to a 3-month therapy with ER niacin (1500 mg/d) or placebo, and endothelial effects of HDL were characterized. HDL from healthy subjects stimulated endothelial nitric oxide production, reduced endothelial oxidant stress, and improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and early endothelial progenitor cell–mediated endothelial repair. In contrast, these beneficial endothelial effects of HDL were not observed in HDL from diabetic patients, which suggests markedly impaired endothelial-protective properties of HDL. ER niacin therapy improved the capacity of HDL to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide, to reduce superoxide production, and to promote endothelial progenitor cell–mediated endothelial repair. Further measurements suggested increased lipid oxidation of HDL in diabetic patients, and a reduction after ER niacin therapy. Conclusions— HDL from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome has substantially impaired endothelial-protective effects compared with HDL from healthy subjects. ER niacin therapy not only increases HDL plasma levels but markedly improves endothelial-protective functions of HDL in these patients, which is potentially more important. Clinical Trial Registration— clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00346970.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In patients with diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiovascular risk factors and disorders, the function of HDL is impaired.
“In patients with diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiovascular risk factors and disorders, the function of HDL is impaired [9, 61, 70–74].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [61]
Unlike HDL from healthy subjects, HDL from patients with CHD, kidney disease or diabetes mellitus have no protective vascular effects or may even cause paradoxical harmful effects.
“Unlike HDL from healthy subjects, HDL from patients with CHD, kidney disease or diabetes mellitus have no protective vascular effects or may even cause paradoxical harmful effects [55, 56, 61, 70, 71, 75, 76].”
From HDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance (2017) · cites this paper as [61]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., Donato, K. A., Eckel, R. H., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Smith, S. C., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.169404 · Cited by 11,961 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition
Alberti, K. G. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67402-8 · Cited by 9,352 · see citing works
Havel, R. J., Eder, H. A., & Bragdon, J. H. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103182 · Cited by 8,756 · see citing works
Isolation of Putative Progenitor Endothelial Cells for Angiogenesis
Asahara, T., Murohara, T., Sullivan, A., Silver, M., van der Zee, R., Li, T., Witzenbichler, B., Schatteman, G., & Isner, J. M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5302.964 · Cited by 8,725 · see citing works
Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events
Barter, P. J., Caulfield, M., Eriksson, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Komajda, M., Lopez-Sendon, J., Mosca, L., Tardif, J.-C., Waters, D. D., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706628 · Cited by 3,139 · see citing works
Brown, B. G., Zhao, X.-Q., Chait, A., Fisher, L. D., Cheung, M. C., Morse, J. S., Dowdy, A. A., Marino, E. K., Bolson, E. L., Alaupovic, P., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011090 · Cited by 1,979 · see citing works
Continuous Monitoring ofin VztroOxidation of Human Low Density Lipoprotein
Esterbauer, H., Striegl, G., Puhl, H., & Rotheneder, M. (1989) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715768909073429 · Cited by 1,790 · see citing works
Landmesser, U., Dikalov, S., Price, S. R., McCann, L., Fukai, T., Holland, S. M., Mitch, W. E., & Harrison, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200314172 · Cited by 1,660 · see citing works
Self-citationLandmesser, U., Dikalov, S., Price, S. R., McCann, L. A., Fukai, T., Holland, S. M., Mitch, W. E., & Harrison, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14172 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Self-citationHDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events
Barter, P., Gotto, A. M., LaRosa, J. C., Maroni, J., Szarek, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Bittner, V., & Fruchart, J.-C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa064278 · Cited by 1,610 · see citing works
Electrophoretic separation of plasma lipoproteins in agarose gel
Noble, R. P. (1968) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42680-x · Cited by 1,312 · see citing works
Miller, N. E., Thelle, D. S., Førde, O. H., & Mjøs, O. D. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92274-7 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Effect of Torcetrapib on the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Nissen, S. E., Tardif, J., Nicholls, S. J., Revkin, J. H., Shear, C. L., Duggan, W. T., Rużyłło, W., Bachinsky, W., Lasala, G. P., & Tuzcu, E. M. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa070635 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Association Between Myeloperoxidase Levels and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Zhang, R. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.17.2136 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2
Taylor, A. J., Sullenberger, L. E., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. K., & Grace, K. A. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000148955.19792.8d · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Yuhanna, I. S., Zhu, Y., Cox, B. E., Hahner, L., Osborne-Lawrence, S. L., Lu, P., Marcel, Y. L., Anderson, R. G. W., Mendelsohn, M. E., Hobbs, H. H., et al. (2001) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/89986 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Zheng, L., Nukuna, B. N., Brennan, M., Sun, M., Goormastic, M., Settle, M., Schmitt, D., Fu, X., Thomson, L., Fox, P. L., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21109 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
HDL induces NO-dependent vasorelaxation via the lysophospholipid receptor S1P3
Nofer, J., van der Giet, M., Tölle, M., Wolinska, I., Lipinski, K. V. W., Baba, H. A., Tietge, U. J. F., Gödecke, A., Ishii, I., Kleuser, B., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18004 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Steinbrecher, U. P. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61395-x · Cited by 618 · see citing works
HDL induces NO-dependent vasorelaxation via the lysophospholipid receptor S1P3
Nofer, J., van der Giet, M., Tölle, M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200418004 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Ansell, B. J., Navab, M., Hama, S. Y., Kamranpour, N., Fonarow, G. C., Hough, G., Rahmani, S., Mottahedeh, R., Dave, R., Reddy, S. T., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000103624.14436.4b · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Role of p47 phox in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension Caused by Angiotensin II
Landmesser, U., Cai, H. “., Dikalov, S., McCann, L. A., Hwang, J., Jo, H., Holland, S. M., & Harrison, D. G. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000032100.23772.98 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationVascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Landmesser, U., Spiekermann, S., Dikalov, S., Tatge, H., Wilke, R., Kohler, C., Harrison, D. G., Hornig, B., & Drexler, H. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000041431.57222.af · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Self-citationErythropoietin regulates endothelial progenitor cells
Bahlmann, F. H., de Groot, K., Spandau, J.-M., Landry, A. L., Hertel, B., Duckert, T., Boehm, S. M., Menne, J., Haller, H. G., & Fliser, D. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-04-1284 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationBots, M. L., Visseren, F. L. J., Evans, G. W., Riley, W. A., Revkin, J. H., Tegeler, C. H., Shear, C. L., Duggan, W. T., Vicari, R. M., Grobbee, D. E., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61088-5 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoprotein Restores Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic Men
Spieker, L. E., Sudano, I., Hürlimann, D., Lerch, P. G., Lang, M. G., Binggeli, C., Corti, R., Ruschitzka, F. T., Lüscher, T. F., & Noll, G. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000013424.28206.8f · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Landmesser, U., Bahlmann, F. H., Mueller, M. F., Spiekermann, S., Kirchhoff, N., Schulz, S., Manes, C., Fischer, D., de Groot, K., Fliser, D., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000164260.82417.3f · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Self-citationLandmesser, U., Engberding, N., Bahlmann, F. H., Schaefer, A., Wiencke, A., Heineke, A., Spiekermann, S., Hilfiker‐Kleiner, D., Templin, C., Kotlarz, D., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143232.67642.7a · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Self-citationThum, T., Fraccarollo, D., Schultheiß, M., Froese, S., Galuppo, P., Widder, J. D., Tsikas, D., Ertl, G., & Bauersachs, J. K. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0699 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Serum Myeloperoxidase Levels Independently Predict Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans
Vita, J. A., Brennan, M., Gokce, N., Mann, S. A., Goormastic, M., Shishehbor, M. H., Penn, M. S., Keaney, J. F., & Hazen, S. L. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000140262.20831.8f · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Mouse model of arterial injury.
Lindner, V., Fingerle, J., & Reidy, M. A. (1993) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.73.5.792 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Sorrentino, S. A., Bahlmann, F. H., Besler, C., Müller, M. F., Schulz, S., Kirchhoff, N., Doerries, C., Horváth, T., Limbourg, A., Limbourg, F. P., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.684381 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationNicholls, S. J., Dusting, G. J., Cutri, B., Bao, S., Drummond, G. R., Rye, K., & Barter, P. J. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000159351.95399.50 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Bisoendial, R. J., Hovingh, G. K., Levels, J. H. M., Lerch, P. G., Andresen, I., Hayden, M. R., Kastelein, J. J. P., & Stroes, E. S. G. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000070934.69310.1a · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Krishna, R., Anderson, M. S., Bergman, A. J., Jin, B., Fallon, M. S., Côté, J., Rosko, K., Chavez-Eng, C. M., Lutz, R., Bloomfield, D. M., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61813-3 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Brouchet, L., Krust, A., Dupont, S., Chambon, P., Bayard, F., & Arnal, J. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.3.423 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Nagano, Y., Arai, H., & Kita, T. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6457 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Goldberg, A. C., Alagona, P., Capuzzi, D. M., Guyton, J. R., Morgan, J. M., Rodgers, J. B., Sachson, R. A., & Samuel, P. (2000) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00703-7 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Vascular wound healing and neointima formation induced by perivascular electric injury in mice.
Carmeliet, P., Moons, L., Stassen, J. M., Mol, M. D., Bouché, A., van den Oord, J. J., Kockx, M. M., & Collen, D. (1997) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Methionine oxidation impairs reverse cholesterol transport by apolipoprotein A-I
Shao, B., Cavigiolio, G., Brot, N., Oda, M. N., & Heinecke, J. W. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0802025105 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Rubic, T., Trottmann, M., & Lorenz, R. L. (2003) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2003.09.014 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoproteins Enhance Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair in Mice
Tso, C., Martinic, G., Fan, W.-H., Rogers, C., Rye, K., & Barter, P. J. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000216600.37436.cf · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Ashen, M. D., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp044370 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Rohrer, L., Ohnsorg, P. M., Lehner, M., Landolt, F., Rinninger, F., & von Eckardstein, A. (2009) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.108.190587 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationCombined Statin and Niacin Therapy Remodels the High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome
Green, P. S., Vaisar, T., Pennathur, S., Kulstad, J. J., Moore, A. B., Marcovina, S. M., Brunzell, J. D., Knopp, R. H., Zhao, X.-Q., & Heinecke, J. W. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.770669 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Sumi, M., Sata, M., Miura, S.-I., Rye, K., Toya, N., Kanaoka, Y., Yanaga, K. K., Ohki, T., Saku, K., & Nagai, R. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000259299.38843.64 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
High density lipoprotein oxidation: in vitro susceptibility and potential in vivo consequences
Francis, G. A. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00181-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Perségol, L., Vergès, B. L., Foissac, M., Gambert, P., & Duvillard, L. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0244-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Spin Trapping of Vascular Nitric Oxide Using Colloid Fe(II)-Diethyldithiocarbamate
Kleschyov, A. L., Mollnau, H., Oelze, M., Meinertz, T., Huang, Y., Harrison, D. G., & Münzel, T. F. (2000) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3361 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Disease: HDL metabolism as a target for novel therapies
Rader, D. J. (2007) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0768 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Linke, A. H.-P., Sonnabend, M., Faßhauer, M., Höllriegel, R., Schuler, G. C., Niebauer, J., Stümvoll, M., & Blüher, M. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.026 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hypochlorite-modified high-density lipoprotein acts as a sink for myeloperoxidase in vitro
Marsche, G., Furtmüller, P. G., Obinger, C., Sattler, W., & Malle, E. (2008) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn051 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liu, H.-R., Tao, L., Gao, E., Qu, Y., Lau, W. B., Lopez, B. L., Christopher, T. A., Koch, W. J., Yue, T., & Ma, X. (2008) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn308 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Stimulation of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by insulin and insulin like growth factor I
Rifici, V. A., Schneider, S. H., & Khachadurian, A. K. (1994) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)90145-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Miller NE, Thelle DS, Forde OH, Mjos OD. The Tromso Heart Study: high-density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease: a prospective case- control study. Lancet. 1977;309:965-968.
- Esterbauer H, Striegl G, Puhl H, Rotheneder M. Continuous monitoring of in vitro oxidation of human low density lipoprotein. Free Radic Res Commun. 1989;6:67-75.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cosentino, F., Grant, P. J., Aboyans, V., Bailey, C. J., Ceriello, A., Delgado, V., Federici, M., Filippatos, G., Grobbee, D. E., Hansen, T. B., et al. (2020) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486 · Cited by 4,763 · see citing works
Self-citationAuthors Task Force Members, Rydén, L., Grant, P. J., Anker, S. D., Berne, C., Cosentino, F., Danchin, N., Deaton, C., Escaned, J., Hammes, H., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht108 · Cited by 1,958 · see citing works
Chapman, M. J., Ginsberg, H. N., Amarenco, P., Andreotti, F., Borén, J., Catapano, A. L., Descamps, O. S., Fisher, E., Kovanen, P. T., Kuivenhoven, J. A., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr112 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Dysfunctional HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Rosenson, R. S., Brewer, H. B., Ansell, B. J., Barter, P., Chapman, M. J., Heinecke, J. W., Kontush, A., Tall, A. R., & Webb, N. R. (2016) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.124 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidaemia: where are we?
Vergès, B. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3525-8 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Rydén, L., Grant, P. J., Anker, S. D., Berne, C., Cosentino, F., Danchin, N., Deaton, C., Escaned, J., Hammes, H., Huikuri, H., et al. (2014) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2013.10.013 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Besler, C., Heinrich, K., Rohrer, L., Doerries, C., Riwanto, M., Shih, D. M., Chroni, A., Yonekawa, K., Stein, S., Schaefer, N., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci42946 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Self-citationIto, F., Sono, Y., & Ito, T. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8030072 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Pathological aspects of lipid peroxidation
Nègre‐Salvayre, A., Augè, N., Ayala, V., Başağa, H., Boada, J., Brenke, R., Chapple, S. J., Cohen, G., Fehér, J., Grune, T., et al. (2010) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2010.498478 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
HDL Function, Dysfunction, and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Fisher, E., Feig, J. E., Hewing, B., Hazen, S., & Smith, J. D. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300133 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome
Kontush, A., Lhomme, M., & Chapman, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r036095 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Cui, X., Ye, L., Li, J., Jin, L., Wang, W., Li, S., Bao, M., Wu, S., Li, L., Geng, B., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18756-2 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Riwanto, M., Rohrer, L., Roschitzki, B., Besler, C., Mocharla, P., Mueller, M., Perisa, D., Heinrich, K., Altwegg, L., von Eckardstein, A., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.108753 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterization of Levels and Cellular Transfer of Circulating Lipoprotein-Bound MicroRNAs
Wagner, J., Riwanto, M., Besler, C., Knau, A., Fichtlscherer, S., Roexe, T., Zeiher, A. M., Landmesser, U., & Dimmeler, S. (2013) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300741 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-citationLekakis, J. P., Abraham, P., Balbarini, A., Blann, A. D., Boulanger, C. M., Cockcroft, J., Cosentino, F., Deanfield, J. E., Gallino, A., Ikonomidis, I., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/1741826711398179 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeer, T., Rohrer, L., Blyszczuk, P., Shroff, R., Kuschnerus, K., Kränkel, N., Kania, G., Zewinger, S., Akhmedov, A., Shi, Y., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.02.009 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationCardioprotective functions of HDLs
Rye, K., & Barter, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r039297 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Ali, K. M., Wonnerth, A., Huber, K., & Wojta, J. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02081.x · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Lüscher, T. F., Landmesser, U., von Eckardstein, A., & Fogelman, A. M. (2014) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.300935 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationHDL cholesterol: reappraisal of its clinical relevance
März, W., Kleber, M. E., Scharnagl, H., Speer, T., Zewinger, S., Ritsch, A., Parhofer, K. G., von Eckardstein, A., Landmesser, U., & Laufs, U. (2017) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-017-1106-1 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citationKONES, R. J. (2011) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s14934 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Schuler, G. C., Adams, V., & Goto, Y. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht111 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Hernáez, Á., Castañer, O., Elosúa, R., Pintó, X., Estruch, R., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Corella, D., Arós, F., Serra‐Majem, L., Fiol, M., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.023712 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Novel Biological Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Mineo, C., & Shaul, P. W. (2012) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.111.258673 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Translation of High-Density Lipoprotein Function Into Clinical Practice
Rosenson, R. S., Brewer, H. B., Ansell, B. J., Barter, P. J., Chapman, M. J., Heinecke, J. W., Kontush, A., Tall, A. R., & Webb, N. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.000962 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Besler, C., Lüscher, T. F., & Landmesser, U. (2012) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201200224 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role and function of HDL in patients with diabetes mellitus and the related cardiovascular risk
Femlak, M., Gluba-Brzózka, A., Ciałkowska-Rysz, A. D., & Rysz, J. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0594-3 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Lüscher, T. F., Taddei, S., Kaski, J. C., Jukema, J. W., Kallend, D. G., Münzel, T. F., Kastelein, J. J. P., & Deanfield, J. E. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs019 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
HDL and endothelial protection
Tran‐Dinh, A., Diallo, D., Delbosc, S., Varela, L. M., Dang, Q., Lapergue, B., Burillo, E., Michel, J., Levoye, A., Martı́n-Ventura, J. L., et al. (2013) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.12174 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function
Stadler, J. T., & Marsche, G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238985 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Vita, J. A. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.078824 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Impaired Endothelial Repair Capacity of Early Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Prehypertension
Giannotti, G., Doerries, C., Mocharla, P. S., Mueller, M. F., Bahlmann, F. H., Horváth, T., Jiang, H., Sorrentino, S. A., Steenken, N., Manes, C., et al. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.141614 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis
Khosravi, M., Poursaleh, A., Ghasempour, G., Shaikhnia, F., & Najafi, M. (2018) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/hsz-2018-0397 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
High density lipoproteins: Measurement techniques and potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
Hafiane, A., & Genest, J. J. (2015) · BBA Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.005 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Metabolic and functional relevance of HDL subspecies
Asztalos, B. F., Tani, M., & Schaefer, E. J. (2011) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e3283468061 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Sphingosine 1-phosphate levels in plasma and HDL are altered in coronary artery disease
Sattler, K., Elbasan, Ş., Keul, P., Elter-Schulz, M., Bode, C., Gräler, M. H., Bröcker‐Preuß, M., Budde, T., Erbel, R., Heusch, G., et al. (2010) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-010-0112-5 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Annema, W., & von Eckardstein, A. (2013) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-13-1025 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Aim-High Investigators (2011) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.12.007 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Riwanto, M., & Landmesser, U. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r037762 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic memory phenomenon in diabetes mellitus: Achieving and perspectives
Berezin, A. Е. (2016) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.03.016 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
von Eckardstein, A., & Sibler, R. (2010) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e3283412279 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Serum amyloid A: high-density lipoproteins interaction and cardiovascular risk
Zewinger, S., Drechsler, C., Kleber, M. E., Dressel, A., Riffel, J., Triem, S., Lehmann, M., Kopecky, C., Säemann, M. D., Lepper, P. M., et al. (2015) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv352 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoprotein Function and Dysfunction in Health and Disease
Chiesa, S. T., & Charakida, M. (2019) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-018-06846-w · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters
Ben‐Aicha, S., Badimón, L., & Vilahur, G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21030732 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
New insights into the mechanism of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obesity
Wang, H., & Peng, D.-Q. (2011) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-10-176 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Endothelial Function in Dyslipidemia: Roles of LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Higashi, Y. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12091293 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Inflammation alters HDL composition and function: Implications for HDL-raising therapies
Marsche, G., Säemann, M. D., Heinemann, Á., & Holzer, M. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.001 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Sorrentino, S. A., Doerries, C., Manes, C., Speer, T., Dessy, C., Lobysheva, I. I., Mohmand, W., Akbar, R., Bahlmann, F. H., Besler, C., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.037 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationOsto, E., Doytcheva, P., Corteville, C., Bueter, M., Dörig, C., Stivala, S., Buhmann, H., Colin, S., Rohrer, L., Hasballa, R., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.114.011791 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality
Silbernagel, G., Schottker, B., Appelbaum, S., Scharnagl, H., Kleber, M. E., Grammer, T. B., Ritsch, A., Mons, U., Holleczek, B., Goliasch, G., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht343 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationStåhlman, M., Fagerberg, B., Adiels, M., Ekroos, K., Chapman, J., Kontush, A., & Borén, J. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.009 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
HDL in Children with CKD Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction and an Abnormal Vascular Phenotype
Shroff, R. C., Speer, T., Colin, S., Charakida, M., Zewinger, S., Staels, B., Chinetti, G., Hettrich, I., Rohrer, L., O’Neill, F., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013111212 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological Consequences of Dysfunctional HDL
Pirillo, A., Catapano, A. L., & Norata, G. D. (2018) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867325666180530110543 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events
Schandelmaier, S., Briel, M., Saccilotto, R. T., Olu, K. K., Arpagaus, A., Hemkens, L. G., & Nordmann, A. J. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009744.pub2 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Ebtehaj, S., Gruppen, E. G., Parvizi, M., Tietge, U. J. F., & Dullaart, R. P. F. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0613-8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Wils, J., Favre, J., & Bellien, J. (2016) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.014 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
HDL from an Alzheimer's disease perspective
Button, E. B., Robert, J., Caffrey, T. M., Fan, J., Zhao, W., & Wellington, C. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000604 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Symmetric dimethylarginine, high-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease
Zewinger, S., Kleber, M. E., Rohrer, L., Lehmann, M., Triem, S., Jennings, R. T., Petrakis, I., Dressel, A., Lepper, P. M., Scharnagl, H., et al. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx118 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationLipidomics: A Tool for Studies of Atherosclerosis
Ekroos, K., Jänis, M. T., Tarassov, K., Hurme, R., & Laaksonen, R. (2010) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0110-y · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Nicotinic acid (niacin): new lipid-independent mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials
Lukasova, M., Hanson, J., Tunaru, S., & Offermanns, S. (2011) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2011.08.002 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The Changing Face of HDL and the Best Way to Measure It
Karathanasis, S. K., Freeman, L. A., Gordon, S. M., & Remaley, A. T. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.257725 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The Role of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis
Linton, M. F., Yancey, P. G., Davies, S. S., Jerome, W. G., Linton, E. F., Song, W., Doran, A. C., & Vickers, K. C. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Kratzer, A., Giral, H., & Landmesser, U. (2014) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu139 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationChapman, M. J., Ginsberg, H. N., Amarenco, P., Andreotti, F., Borén, J., Catapano, A. L., Descamps, O. S., Fisher, E. A. A., Kovanen, P. T., Kuivenhoven, J. A., et al. (2011) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70033-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
HDL Cholesterol Is Not Associated with Lower Mortality in Patients with Kidney Dysfunction
Zewinger, S., Speer, T., Kleber, M. E., Scharnagl, H., Woitas, R., Lepper, P. M., Pfahler, K., Seiler, S., Heine, G. H., März, W., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013050482 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoproteins and Cerebrovascular Integrity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Stukas, S. K., Robert, J., & Wellington, C. L. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.01.003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The Evolving Role of HDL in the Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Brewer, H. B. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0163 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Paraoxonase 1 and HDL maturation
Gugliucci, A., & Menini, T. (2014) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.016 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Beginning to Understand High-Density Lipoproteins
Santos‐Gallego, C. G., Badimon, J. J., & Rosenson, R. S. (2014) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2014.08.001 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Annema, W., & von Eckardstein, A. (2016) · Translational Research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2016.02.008 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Fleißner, F., & Thum, T. (2010) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2010.3502 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Adams, V., Besler, C., Fischer, T., Riwanto, M., Noack, F., Höllriegel, R., Oberbach, A., Jehmlich, N., Völker, U., Winzer, E. B., et al. (2013) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.113.301684 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of signal transduction by HDL
Mineo, C., & Shaul, P. W. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r039479 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Myeloperoxidase As a Multifaceted Target for Cardiovascular Protection
Ramachandra, C. J. A., Ja, K. P. M. M., Chua, J., Cong, S., SHIM, W. S. N., & Hausenloy, D. J. (2019) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2019.7971 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Georgakis, M. K., Malik, R., Anderson, C. D., Parhofer, K. G., Hopewell, J. C., & Dichgans, M. (2019) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awz413 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Stukas, S. K., Robert, J., Lee, M., Kulić, I., Carr, M., Tourigny, K., Fan, J., Namjoshi, D., Lemke, K., DeValle, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.001156 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Kashyap, S. R., Ösme, A., Ilchenko, S., Golizeh, M., Lee, K., Wang, S., Bena, J., Previs, S. F., Smith, J. D., & Kasumov, T. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01551 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Coagulatory Defects in Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes
Sobczak, A. I. S., & Stewart, A. J. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20246345 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The Endothelium Is Both a Target and a Barrier of HDL’s Protective Functions
Robert, J., Osto, E., & von Eckardstein, A. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10051041 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Is a Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Sensor
Saddar, S., Carrière, V., Lee, W.-R., Tanigaki, K., Yuhanna, I. S., Parathath, S., Morel, É., Warrier, M., Sawyer, J. K., Gerard, R. D., et al. (2012) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.112.280081 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Joo, H. J., Cho, S.-A., Hong, S. J., Hur, S., Bae, J., Choi, D., Ahn, Y., Park, J., Choi, R. K., Choi, D., et al. (2016) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0374-5 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Pleiotropic effects of pitavastatin
Davignon, J. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04139.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ito, F., & Ito, T. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9050362 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular disease: effect of exercise training
Ahn, N., & Kim, K. (2016) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2016.07.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Torcetrapib impairs endothelial function in hypertension
Simic, B., Hermann, M., Shaw, S., Bigler, L., Stalder, U., Doerries, C., Besler, C., Lüscher, T. F., & Ruschitzka, F. T. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr348 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of exercise training on cardiovascular disease and risk
Adams, V., & Linke, A. H.-P. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.019 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hermans, M. P., Ahn, S. A., & Rousseau, M. F. (2012) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-11-132 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
HDL, Atherosclerosis, and Emerging Therapies
Hafiane, A., & Genest, J. J. (2013) · Cholesterol · doi:10.1155/2013/891403 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications
Wong, N. K. P., Nicholls, S. J., Tan, J. T. M., & Bursill, C. A. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19061680 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Angeloni, E., Paneni, F., Landmesser, U., Benedetto, U., Melina, G., Lüscher, T. F., Volpe, M., Sinatra, R., & Cosentino, F. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht163 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationHermans, M. P., Ahn, S. A., & Rousseau, M. F. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-88 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Denimal, D. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13010057 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
HDL-cholesterol in coronary artery disease risk: Function or structure?
Pérez-Méndez, O. A., González‐Pacheco, H., Martínez‐Sánchez, C., & Franco, M. (2013) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.001 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes is associated with loss of HDL endothelium protective functions
Vaisar, T., Couzens, E., Hwang, A., Russell, M., Barlow, C. E., DeFina, L. F., Hoofnagle, A. N., & Kim, F. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192616 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Onat, A., & Hergenç, G. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.04.018 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Triolo, M., Annema, W., Dullaart, R. P. F., & Tietge, U. J. F. (2013) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm.13.35 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kaplon, R. E., Gano, L. B., & Seals, D. R. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00969.2013 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The Causes and Consequences of Low Levels of High Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Diabetes
Barter, P. J. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2011.35.2.101 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Francis, G. A. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.08.009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Button, E. B., Boyce, G. K., Wilkinson, A., Stukas, S. K., Hayat, A., Fan, J., Wadsworth, B. J., Robert, J., Martens, K. M., & Wellington, C. L. (2019) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0497-9 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sorrentino, S. A., Besler, C., Rohrer, L., Meyer, M., Heinrich, K., Bahlmann, F. H., Mueller, M., Horváth, T., Doerries, C., Heinemann, M., Flemmer, S., Markowski, A., Manes, C., Bahr, M. J., Haller, H., von Eckardstein, A., Drexler, H., & Landmesser, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- From Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie (S.A.S., C.B., M. Meyer, M. Mueller, T.H., C.D., M.H., S.F., A.M., C.M., H.D., U.L.), Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruck-erkrankungen (S.A.S., F.H.B., H.H.), and Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, and Endokrinologie (A.M., M.J.B.), Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (C.B., M. Meyer, K.H., M. Mueller, C.D., C.M., U.L.); and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (L.R...
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2010-01-05
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-122
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1980243442
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 20.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- high-density lipoprotein, type 2 diabetes, extended-release niacin, endothelial function, endothelial nitric oxide, superoxide production, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial repair, metabolic syndrome, HDL-raising therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Animals, Hypolipidemic Agents, Cells, Cultured, Delayed-Action Preparations, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Free Radicals, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Mutant Strains, Mice, Nude, Middle Aged, Peroxidase, Niacin, Nitric Oxide, Superoxides, Vasodilation, Lipid Peroxidation, NADPH Oxidases, Metabolic Syndrome, Endothelial Cells, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
