Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation
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Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and development of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several risk factors are associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation-end products. Among these risk factors, oxidative stress is the largest contributor to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still difficult, and assays for the measurement of ROS have failed to show a consistent correlation between pathological states and oxidative stress. To solve this problem, this review summarizes the current knowledge on biomarkers of oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation, and discusses the roles of oxidative stress, as measured by indices of lipid peroxidation, in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation.
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Integrating mechanistic biomarkers such as those related to lipid peroxidation holds potential to improve biological relevance and possibly predictive performance.
“Moreover, integrating mechanistic biomarkers—such as those related to lipid peroxidation—holds potential to improve biological relevance and possibly predictive performance (18–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
The Introduction describes lipid-peroxidation measures as biologically grounded indicators of oxidative stress, and the Conclusions call lipid peroxidation a useful marker of disease risk and progression. The paper does not establish that integrating these biomarkers with other measures improves predictive performance; that part remains unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are biologically linked to endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in diabetes.
“Among candidate pathways, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation deserve attention because they are biologically linked to endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in diabetes; however, this does not yet justify routine inclusion of such biomarkers in all machine learning models (18–21).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
Oxidized lipid products and related oxidative stress markers may reflect vascular injury, inflammatory activity, and cardiometabolic dysfunction.
“Studies have shown that oxidized lipid products and related oxidative stress markers may reflect vascular injury, inflammatory activity, and cardiometabolic dysfunction (18–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
Oxidative stress plays a central role in the shared pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with lipid peroxidation representing one of its major downstream consequences.
“Oxidative stress plays a central role in the shared pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with lipid peroxidation representing one of its major downstream consequences.”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
Lipid peroxidation markers may serve as mechanistically plausible candidate predictors for cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
“This supports the idea that lipid peroxidation markers may serve as mechanistically plausible candidate predictors; however, the present evidence base remains heterogeneous in marker selection, assay platform, and standardization, and direct comparative evidence against standard clinic-based models is still limited (20–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
The association between lipid peroxidation and diabetic cardiovascular complications has been extensively discussed in the literature.
“The association between lipid peroxidation and diabetic cardiovascular complications has been extensively discussed in the literature (18, 19, 21, 22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Ito, F., Sono, Y., & Ito, T.
- Affiliations
- The Institute of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
- Sunstar (Japan) (JP)
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ito, Fumiaki
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-03-25
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 72
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6466575
- OpenAlex
- W2924534120
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 11
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15K01383)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, biomarkers, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end products, cardiovascular disease
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