Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Mortality From All Causes and Diseases of the Circulatory System Among Adults in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Recently, the American Heart Association developed a set of 7 ideal health metrics that will be used to measure progress toward their 2020 goals for cardiovascular health. The objective of the present study was to examine how well these metrics predicted mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system in a national sample of adults in the United States. Methods and Results—: We used data from 7622 adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 and whose mortality through 2006 was determined via linkage to the National Death Index. For the dietary and glycemic metrics, we used alternative measures. During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 532 deaths (186 deaths resulting from diseases of the circulatory system) occurred. About 1.5% of participants met none of the 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics, and 1.1% of participants met all 7 metrics. The number of ideal metrics was significantly and inversely related to mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system. Compared with participants who met none of the ideal metrics, those meeting ≥5 metrics had a reduction of 78% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.50) in the risk for all-cause mortality and 88% (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.57) in the risk for mortality from diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion—: The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics is a strong predictor of mortality from all causes and diseases of the circulatory system.
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
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“and the racial/ethnic difference has not changed appreciably over time.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [13]
The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population.
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From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
The high prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity presages a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.
“However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
The prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high in the US population.
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From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Conjoint use of high-risk and population strategies is essential to optimize cardiovascular outcomes and healthcare costs.5,32–34”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Ford, E. S., Greenlund, K. J., & Hong, Y.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2012-02-28
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 987-995
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC4556343
- OpenAlex
- W2100590447
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 22.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- cardiovascular health, all-cause mortality, circulatory diseases, mortality prediction, glycemic metrics, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies
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