Cited by 1,194Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyInhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

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E-Cigarettes: A Scientific Review

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Grana, Rachel, Benowitz, Neal, Glantz, Stanton A.·2014·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667PMC PMC4018182

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Abstract

chemicals delivered to users and the air pollution generated by the exhaled aerosol. 19-liquids are flavored, including tobacco, menthol, coffee, fruit, candy, and alcohol flavors, as well as unusual flavors such as cola and Belgian waffle. 3Flavored (conventional) tobacco products are used disproportionately by youth and initiators

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Figure 1. Examples of different electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products. Reproduced from Grana et al.1CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 2. Studies screened and selected for inclusion. PRISMA indicates Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 3. Particle number distribution from (A) mainstream aerosol in e-liquid 1 and from (B) conventional cigarette. Reproduced from Fuoco et al55 with permission from the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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A C. elegans model of electronic cigarette use: Physiological effects of e-liquids in nematodes
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Changes in resting state functional brain connectivity and withdrawal symptoms are associated with acute electronic cigarette use
Hobkirk, A. L., Nichols, T. T., Foulds, J., Yingst, J. M., Veldheer, S., Hrabovsky, S., Richie, J. P., Eissenberg, T., & Wilson, S. J. (2017) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.010 · Cited by 28
“Their popularity has been aided by marketing campaigns portraying them as a cigarette substitute, often implying the potential to serve as a safer alternative to combustible cigarettes or a stepping stone to cessation (Grana et al., 2014).”
Background
Opinions About Electronic Cigarette Use in Smoke-Free Areas Among U.S. Adults, 2012
Majeed, B., Dube, S. R., Sterling, K. L., Whitney, C. F., & Eriksen, M. P. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu235 · Cited by 25
Measurement of an electronic cigarette aerosol size distribution during a puff
Bělka, M., Lízal, F., Jedelský, J., Jícha, M., & Pospíšil, J. (2017) · EPJ Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/epjconf/201714302006 · Cited by 25
Intertwined chemistry of hydroxyl hydrogen-bond donors, epoxides and isocyanates in the organocatalytic synthesis of oxazolidinones versus isocyanurates: rational catalytic investigation and mechanistic understanding
Yingcharoen, P., Natongchai, W., Poater, A., & D’Elia, V. (2020) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d0cy00987c · Cited by 25
Maternal electronic cigarette use during pregnancy affects long-term arterial function in offspring
Aboaziza, E. A., Feaster, K., Hare, L., Chantler, P. D., & Olfert, I. M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00582.2022 · Cited by 28
Optimization of a Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for High-Throughput Analysis of Nicotine and Related Compounds: Application to Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids
Regueiro, J., Giri, A., & Wenzl, T. (2016) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01241 · Cited by 25
Knowledge and Beliefs About E-Cigarettes in Straight-to-Work Young Adults
Gowin, M. J., Cheney, M. K., & Wann, T. F. (2016) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw195 · Cited by 25
Social Interactions as a Source of Information about E-Cigarettes: A Study of U.S. Adult Smokers
Hall, M. G., Pepper, J. K., Morgan, J. C., & Brewer, N. T. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13080788 · Cited by 29
Physician Advice for e-Cigarette Use
Kollath‐Cattano, C., Thrasher, J. F., Osman, A., Andrews, J. O., & Strayer, S. M. (2016) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2016.06.160092 · Cited by 25
Quantification of nicotine and major solvents in retail electronic cigarette fluids and vaped aerosols
Dai, J., Kim, K., Szulejko, J. E., Jo, S.-H., Kwon, K., & Choi, D. W. (2018) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.04.028 · Cited by 25
Cigarette and ENDS preparations differentially regulate ion channels and mucociliary clearance in primary normal human bronchial 3D cultures
Rayner, R. E., Makena, P. S., Prasad, G. L., & Cormet‐Boyaka, E. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00096.2019 · Cited by 25
Vape shop identification, density and place characteristics in six metropolitan areas across the US
Berg, C. J., Schleicher, N. C., Johnson, T. O., Barker, D. C., Getachew, B., Weber, A. A., Park, A. J., Patterson, A., Dorvil, S., Fairman, R. T., et al. (2020) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101137 · Cited by 25
“, cardiovascular, lung, pulmonary, cancer) (Grana et al., 2014; The National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, 2018).”
Background
Electronic cigarettes: more light, less heat needed
Bernstein, S. L. (2016) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)00010-2 · Cited by 24
What is included with your online e-cigarette order? An analysis of e-cigarette shipping, product and packaging features
Kong, A. Y., Derrick, J., Abrantes, A., & Williams, R. S. (2016) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053061 · Cited by 24
Increasing reach by offering choices: Results from an innovative model for statewide services for smoking cessation
Keller, P. A., Schillo, B., Kerr, A. N., Lien, R. K., Saul, J. E., Dreher, M., & Lachter, R. B. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.010 · Cited by 23
A Pilot Study of Retail ‘Vape Shops’ in the San Francisco Bay Area
Burbank, A. D., Thrul, J., & Ling, P. M. (2016) · Tobacco Prevention & Cessation · doi:10.18332/tpc/65229 · Cited by 24
Conhecimento e uso de cigarros eletrônicos e percepção de risco no Brasil: resultados de um país com requisitos regulatórios rígidos
Cavalcante, T. M., Szklo, A. S., Pérez, C., Thrasher, J. F., Szklo, M., Ouimet, J. M., Gravely, S. M. L., Fong, G. T., & de Almeida, L. M. (2017) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00074416 · Cited by 24
Tobacco use and E-cigarette regulation: Perspectives of University Students in the Asia-Pacific
Wipfli, H. L., Bhuiyan, M. R., Qin, X., Gainullina, Y., Palaganas, E. C., Jimba, M., Saito, J., Ernstrom, K. B., Raman, R., & Withers, M. H. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106420 · Cited by 24
E‐cigarette use is associated with subsequent cigarette use among young adult non‐smokers, over and above a range of antecedent risk factors: a propensity score analysis
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E-cigarette vape and lung ACE2 expression: Implications for coronavirus vulnerability
Lallai, V., Manca, L., & Fowler, C. D. (2021) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2021.103656 · Cited by 24
“At present, a wide range of people across demographics consume e-cigarettes, including individuals who were not previously tobacco smokers (Adkison et al., 2013; Grana et al., 2014), and these numbers have dramatically risen in more recent years, especially among youth (Evans-Polce et al.”
E-cigarette fluids and aerosol residues cause oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in human keratinocytes and 3D skin models
Khachatoorian, C., Luo, W., McWhirter, K. J., Pankow, J. F., & Talbot, P. (2021) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105234 · Cited by 25
Electronic cigarette use and risk perception in a Stop Smoking Service in England
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“Current results are promising but further research is warranted to establish any potential long-term health implications associated with e-cigarette use (Ashton, 2014; Grana, Benowitz, & Glantz, 2014).”
The Advertising Strategies of Early E-cigarette Brand Leaders in the United States
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E‐cigarettes and the clinical encounter: Physician perspectives on e‐cigarette safety, effectiveness, and patient educational needs
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Factors Associated with Electronic Cigarette Use among Young Adults: The French “Trajectoires EpidéMiologiques en POpulation” (TEMPO) Cohort Study
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“As consumer perceptions of the risks and benefits of e-cigarettes are heavily influences by marketing and media reports (Grana et al., 2014), adequate prevention campaigns counteracting these mechanisms are necessary”
Background
Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Background
Taking Stock of Tobacco Control Program and Policy Science and Impact in the United States.
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Self-citation

Authors: Grana, R., Benowitz, N., & Glantz, S. A.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Glantz, Stanton A.
ORCID: Grana, Rachel
Benowitz, Neal
Glantz, Stanton A.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-05-13
Volume: 129
Issue: 19
Pages: 1972-1986
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667
PMC: PMC4018182
OpenAlex: W2164470169
Cited by: 1,194
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 151 · 2014: 58
FWCI: 113.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
National Cancer Institute (P50CA180890)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Keywords: electronic cigarettes, flavored tobacco products, tobacco aroma, youth tobacco use, tobacco product regulation, exhaled aerosols, air pollution
MeSH terms: Electronics, Humans, Risk Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Tobacco Products

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