Cited by 1,194Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyInhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

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E-Cigarettes: A Scientific Review

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Grana, Rachel, Benowitz, Neal, Glantz, Stanton A.·2014·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667PMC PMC4018182

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Abstract

chemicals delivered to users and the air pollution generated by the exhaled aerosol. 19-liquids are flavored, including tobacco, menthol, coffee, fruit, candy, and alcohol flavors, as well as unusual flavors such as cola and Belgian waffle. 3Flavored (conventional) tobacco products are used disproportionately by youth and initiators

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Figure 1. Examples of different electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products. Reproduced from Grana et al.1CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 2. Studies screened and selected for inclusion. PRISMA indicates Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Figure 3. Particle number distribution from (A) mainstream aerosol in e-liquid 1 and from (B) conventional cigarette. Reproduced from Fuoco et al55 with permission from the publisher. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Cipolla, D. C., & Gonda, I. (2015) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2015.07.004 · Cited by 18
E-Cigarette Awareness, Perceptions and Use among Community-Recruited Smokers in Hong Kong
Wang, M. P., Li, W. H. C., Jiang, N., Chu, L. Y., Kwong, A. C. S., Lai, V., & Lam, T. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141683 · Cited by 18
Tobacco and e-cigarette use amongst illicit drug users in Australia
Sutherland, R., Sindicich, N., Entwistle, G., Whittaker, E., Peacock, A., Matthews, A. J., Bruno, R., Alati, R., & Burns, L. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.035 · Cited by 18
Are e-cigarettes a gateway to smoking or a pathway to quitting?
Alawsi, F., Nour, R., & Prabhu, S. (2015) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.591 · Cited by 18
The Use of E-cigarettes Among School-Going Adolescents in a Predominantly Rural Environment of Central Appalachia
Owusu, D., Aibangbee, J., Collins, C., Robertson, C., Wang, L., Littleton, M. A., Boghozian, R., Casenburg, V., & Mamudu, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0297-0 · Cited by 18
What factors predict the passage of state‐level e‐cigarette regulations?
Maclean, J. C., Oney, M., Marti, J., & Sindelar, J. L. (2018) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.3642 · Cited by 18
“Moreover, e-cigarette use is linked with a range of adverse health outcomes such as coughing, nausea, chest pain, and increased blood pressure4 (Grana et al., 2014, Orellana-Barrios et al., 2015).”
Background
Placing Health Warnings on E-Cigarettes: A Standardized Protocol
Sheldon, J. M., Hall, M. G., Baig, S. A., Jeong, M., & Brewer, N. T. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15081578 · Cited by 18
“Quitting e-cigarettes can reduce exposure to harmful substances, eliminate the maintenance of addiction afforded by dual use, and prevent renormalization of tobacco product use [9].”
A Deliberate Choice? Exploring the Decision to Switch from Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes
Romijnders, K. A. G. J., van Osch, L., de Vries, H., & Talhout, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040624 · Cited by 18
Technology‐based contingency management and e‐cigarettes during the initial weeks of a smoking quit attempt
Martner, S., & Dallery, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.641 · Cited by 18
“Previous studies examining changes in smoking and vaping have generally relied on selfreported smoking and vaping (e.g., Adkison et al., 2013; Etter & Bullen, 2014; Prochaska & Grana, 2014; Vickerman, Carpenter, Altman, Nash, & Zbikowski, 2013; Vickerman et al., 2016).”
Background
Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England
Jackson, S. E., Hill, E., Shahab, L., Beard, E., Michie, S., & Brown, J. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029252 · Cited by 18
What are the reasons that smokers reject ENDS? A national probability survey of U.S. Adult smokers, 2017-2018
Weaver, S. R., Heath, J. W., Ashley, D. L., Huang, J., Pechacek, T. F., & Eriksen, M. P. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107855 · Cited by 18
“Non-rechargeable (disposable) ENDS typically have a cigarette-like appearance, are generally sold where smokers would purchase cigarettes, and have lower upfront costs than rechargeable ecigarettes, which might make them more attractive to smokers who are merely curious to try them (Braak et al., 2019; Grana et al., 2…”
Background
Vape Shop Owners/Managers’ Opinions About FDA Regulation of E-Cigarettes
Berg, C. J., Barker, D. C., Sussman, S. Y., Getachew, B., Pulvers, K. M., Wagener, T. L., Hayes, R. B., & Henriksen, L. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa138 · Cited by 18
Impact of Graphic Warning Messages on Intentions to Use Alternate Tobacco Products
Morgan, J. C., Sutton, J. A., Yang, S., & Cappella, J. N. (2020) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2020.1827097 · Cited by 18
Public Reactions to the New York State Policy on Flavored Electronic Cigarettes on Twitter: Observational Study
Sun, L., Lu, X., Xie, Z., & Li, D. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/25216 · Cited by 21
Elucidating challenges that electronic cigarettes pose to tobacco control in Asia: a population-based national survey in Taiwan
Chang, H.-C., Tsai, Y., Shiu, M., Wang, Y.-T., & Chang, P.-Y. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014263 · Cited by 18
Changes in E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Dependence in Long-term E-Cigarette Users
Du, P., Fan, T., Yingst, J. M., Veldheer, S., Hrabovsky, S., Chen, C., & Foulds, J. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.021 · Cited by 18
Contemporary Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Agrawal, K., & Eberhardt, R. T. (2014) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2014.09.010 · Cited by 18
Regulation of electronic cigarettes
Ashton, J. R. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g5484 · Cited by 18
Nicotine and Cotinine Exposure from Electronic Cigarettes: A Population Approach
de Mendizábal, N. V., Jones, D. R., Jahn, A., Bies, R. R., & Brown, J. W. (2014) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-014-0221-7 · Cited by 17
Experimentation with e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid: a cross-sectional study in 28 European Union member states
Filippidis, F. T., Laverty, A. A., & Vardavas, C. I. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012084 · Cited by 17
Chemical Constituents in E-Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols
Naeem, M. N. M., Zain, S. M. S. M., Catrina, N., & Noh, M. F. M. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Protection · doi:10.4236/jep.2020.119040 · Cited by 17
The Immediate Physiological Effects of E-Cigarette Use and Exposure to Secondhand E-Cigarette Vapor
McClelland, M., Sesoko, C. S., MacDonald, D. A., Davis, L. M., & McClelland, S. C. (2021) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.08596 · Cited by 20
Toxicokinetic and Genotoxicity Study of NNK in Male Sprague Dawley Rats Following Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure, Intraperitoneal Injection, and Oral Gavage
Hu, S.-C., Bryant, M., Sepehr, E., Kang, H.-K., Trbojevich, R. A., Lagaud, G., Mehta, D., Ding, W., Mittelstaedt, R. A., Pearce, M. G., et al. (2021) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfab049 · Cited by 17
Electronic Cigarette and Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Latest Evidences
Damay, V. A., Setiawan, I., Lesmana, R., Akbar, M. R., Lukito, A. A., Tarawan, V. M., Martha, J. W., & Nugroho, J. (2022) · International Journal of Vascular Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/4136811 · Cited by 17

Authors: Grana, R., Benowitz, N., & Glantz, S. A.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Glantz, Stanton A.
ORCID: Grana, Rachel
Benowitz, Neal
Glantz, Stanton A.
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-05-13
Volume: 129
Issue: 19
Pages: 1972-1986
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007667
PMC: PMC4018182
OpenAlex: W2164470169
Cited by: 1,194
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 49 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 151 · 2014: 58
FWCI: 113.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
National Cancer Institute (P50CA180890)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Keywords: electronic cigarettes, flavored tobacco products, tobacco aroma, youth tobacco use, tobacco product regulation, exhaled aerosols, air pollution
MeSH terms: Electronics, Humans, Risk Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Tobacco Products

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