Cited by 84Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismPhagocytosis and Immune Regulation

Targeting of Scavenger Receptors Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by a Plasma Proteome Switch Mediating Monocyte/Macrophage Suppression

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Manta, Calin-Petru, Leibing, Thomas, Friedrich, Mirco, Nolte, Hendrik, Adrian, Monica, Schledzewski, Kai, Krzistetzko, Jessica, Kirkamm, Christof +12 more·2022·Circulation

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Abstract

Background: Scavenger receptors Stabilin-1 (Stab1) and Stabilin-2 (Stab2) are preferentially expressed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. They mediate the clearance of circulating plasma molecules controlling distant organ homeostasis. Studies suggest that Stab1 and Stab2 may affect atherosclerosis. Although subsets of tissue macrophages also express Stab1, hematopoietic Stab1 deficiency does not modulate atherogenesis. Here, we comprehensively studied how targeting Stab1 and Stab2 affects atherosclerosis. Methods: ApoE-KO mice were interbred with Stab1-KO and Stab2-KO mice and fed a Western diet. For antibody targeting, Ldlr-KO mice were also used. Unbiased plasma proteomics were performed and independently confirmed. Ligand binding studies comprised glutathione-S-transferase–pulldown and endocytosis assays. Plasma proteome effects on monocytes were studied by single-cell RNA sequencing in vivo, and by gene expression analyses of Stabilin ligand–stimulated and plasma-stimulated bone marrow–derived monocytes/macrophages in vitro. Results: Spontaneous and Western diet–associated atherogenesis was significantly reduced in ApoE-Stab1-KO and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice. Similarly, inhibition of Stab1 or Stab2 by monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced Western diet–associated atherosclerosis in ApoE-KO and Ldlr-KO mice. Although neither plasma lipid levels nor circulating immune cell numbers were decisively altered, plasma proteomics revealed a switch in the plasma proteome, consisting of 231 dysregulated proteins comparing wildtype with Stab1/2-single and Stab1/2-double KO, and of 41 proteins comparing ApoE-, ApoE-Stab1-, and ApoE-Stab2-KO. Among this broad spectrum of common, but also disparate scavenger receptor ligand candidates, periostin, reelin, and TGFBi (transforming growth factor, β-induced), known to modulate atherosclerosis, were independently confirmed as novel circulating ligands of Stab1/2. Single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating myeloid cells of ApoE-, ApoE-Stab1-, and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice showed transcriptomic alterations in patrolling (Ccr2 – /Cx3cr1 ++ /Ly6C lo ) and inflammatory (Ccr2 + /Cx3cr1 + /Ly6C hi ) monocytes, including downregulation of proatherogenic transcription factor Egr1. In wildtype bone marrow–derived monocytes/macrophages, ligand exposure alone did not alter Egr1 expression in vitro. However, exposure to plasma from ApoE-Stab1-KO and ApoE-Stab2-KO mice showed a reverted proatherogenic macrophage activation compared with ApoE-KO plasma, including downregulation of Egr1 in vitro. Conclusions: Inhibition of Stab1/Stab2 mediates an anti-inflammatory switch in the plasma proteome, including direct Stabilin ligands. The altered plasma proteome suppresses both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes and, thus, systemically protects against atherogenesis. Altogether, anti-Stab1– and anti-Stab2–targeted therapies provide a novel approach for the future treatment of atherosclerosis.

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  • STAB1 and STAB2 are located on different chromosomes (3 and 12), but both encode related scavenger receptors expressed on macrophages and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells that mediate the clearance of aged plasma proteins and other waste molecules.

    “STAB1 and STAB2 are located on different chromosomes (3 and 12, respectively), but both encode related scavenger receptors expressed on macrophages and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells that mediate the clearance of aged plasma proteins and other waste molecules21,22.”

    From Rare variant associations with plasma protein levels in the UK Biobank (2023) · cites this paper as [22]

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  1. Nahon JE, Hoekstra M, van Hulst S, Manta C, Goerdt S, Geerling JJ, Geraud C, Van Eck M. Hematopoietic Stabilin-1 deficiency does not influence ath- erosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2019;281:47-55. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.020 · DOI
  2. Cui K, Ardell CL, Podolnikova NP, Yakubenko VP. Distinct migratory proper- ties of M 1 , M 2 , and resident macrophages are regulated by α D β 2 and α M β 2 integrin-mediated adhesion. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2650.

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Authors
Manta, C.-P., Leibing, T., Friedrich, M., Nolte, H., Adrian, M., Schledzewski, K., Krzistetzko, J., Kirkamm, C., David Schmid, C., Xi, Y., Stojanovic, A., Tonack, S., de la Torre, C., Hammad, S., Offermanns, S., Krüger, M., Cerwenka, A., Platten, M., Goerdt, S., & Géraud, C.
Affiliations
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • German Cancer Research Center (DE)
  • University of Cologne (DE)
  • Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology (C.-P.M., T.L., M.A., K.S., J.K., C.K., C.D.S., Y.X., S.G., C.G.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
  • Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research (DE)
  • Centre for Medical Research (ZMF) (C.d.l.T.), University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
Corresponding author
Géraud, Cyrill
Venue
Circulation
Published
2022-12-06
Volume
146
Issue
23
Pages
1783-1799
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
OpenAlex
W4308060355
Cited by
84
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 22 · 2021: 1
FWCI
6.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Kölner Universitäts PublikationsServer (Universität zu Köln) (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
Keywords
stabilin-1, stabilin-2, scavenger receptors, atherosclerosis, plasma proteome, periostin, reelin, TGFBI, monocytes, macrophages, myeloid cells, CCR2, CX3CR1, patrolling, ApoE-deficient mice, Western diet, ligand binding, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
MeSH terms
Mice, Knockout, ApoE, Animals, Ligands, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Monocytes, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal, Proteome, Endothelial Cells, Atherosclerosis, Receptors, Scavenger, Mice

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