Information Technology and Lifestyle: A Systematic Evaluation of Internet and Mobile Interventions for Improving Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, Tobacco, and Alcohol Use
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Novel interventions are needed to improve lifestyle and prevent noncommunicable diseases, the leading cause of death and disability globally. This study aimed to systematically review, synthesize, and grade scientific evidence on effectiveness of novel information and communication technology to reduce noncommunicable disease risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched PubMed for studies evaluating the effect of Internet, mobile phone, personal sensors, or stand-alone computer software on diet, physical activity, adiposity, tobacco, or alcohol use. We included all interventional and prospective observational studies conducted among generally healthy adults published between January 1990 and November 2013. American Heart Association criteria were used to evaluate and grade the strength of evidence. From 8654 abstracts, 224 relevant reports were identified. Internet and mobile interventions were most common. Internet interventions improved diet (N=20 studies) (Class IIa A), physical activity (N=33), adiposity (N=35), tobacco (N=22), and excess alcohol (N=47) (Class I A each). Mobile interventions improved physical activity (N=6) and adiposity (N=3) (Class I A each). Evidence limitations included relatively brief durations (generally <6 months, nearly always <1 year), heterogeneity in intervention content and intensity, and limited representation from middle/low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Internet and mobile interventions improve important lifestyle behaviors up to 1 year. This systematic review supports the need for long-term interventions to evaluate sustainability.
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Wearable technologies incorporating physical activity trackers have become popular to promote behaviour change in long-term conditions such as T2D.
“Recently, wearable technologies incorporating PA trackers have become popular to promote behaviour change in long-term conditions such as T2D.11”
From Mobile Health Biometrics to Enhance Exercise and Physical Activity Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes (MOTIVATE-T2D): a decentralised feasibility randomised controlled trial delivered across the UK and Canada (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The Results > Physical Activity section describes pedometers and accelerometers used to promote physical activity, often alongside behaviour-change techniques, and reports positive effects in many studies (page unavailable). It does not establish that wearable trackers had become popular or that these interventions were used specifically in people with long-term conditions such as T2D. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Afshin, A., Babalola, D., Mclean, M., Yu, Z., Ma, W., Chen, C., Arabi, M., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Saint Joseph Hospital (US)
- New York Academy of Sciences (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- National Yang Ming University Hospital (TW)
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Afshin, Ashkan
- Venue
- Journal of the American Heart Association
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 2047-9980 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5079005
- OpenAlex
- W2511317042
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 42.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of the American Heart Association (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL115189)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- online intervention, mobile health intervention, information and communication technologies, non-communicable disease prevention, diet, physical activity, adiposity, obesity, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, lifestyle modification, digital health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Healthy, Information Technology, Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Humans, Life Style, Obesity, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Exercise, Internet, Text Messaging, Mobile Applications
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