Association of vegetable nitrate intake with carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in older women
Open accessAbstract
Background and Purpose—: A short-term increase in dietary nitrate (NO 3 − ) improves markers of vascular health via formation of nitric oxide and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Whether this translates into long-term vascular disease risk reduction has yet to be examined. We investigated the association of vegetable-derived nitrate intake with common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), plaque severity, and ischemic cerebrovascular disease events in elderly women (n=1226). Methods—: Vegetable nitrate intake, lifestyle factors, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined at baseline (1998). CCA-IMT and plaque severity were measured using B-mode carotid ultrasound (2001). Complete ischemic cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations or deaths (events) over 14.5 years (15 032 person-years of follow-up) were obtained from the West Australian Data Linkage System. Results—: Higher vegetable nitrate intake was associated with a lower maximum CCA-IMT (B=−0.015, P =0.002) and lower mean CCA-IMT (B=−0.012, P =0.006). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors ( P ≤0.01). Vegetable nitrate intake was not a predictor of plaque severity. In total 186 (15%) women experienced an ischemic cerebrovascular disease event. For every 1 SD (29 mg/d) higher intake of vegetable nitrate, there was an associated 17% lower risk of 14.5-year ischemic cerebrovascular disease events in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models ( P =0.02). Conclusions—: Independent of other risk factors, higher vegetable nitrate was associated with a lower CCA-IMT and a lower risk of an ischemic cerebrovascular disease event.
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A diet rich in vegetables, which contain high concentrations of inorganic NO3-, significantly protects against coronary heart disease and stroke.
“Conversely, a diet rich in vegetables, which contain high concentrations of inorganic NO3-, significantly protects against both coronary heart disease and stroke [16], [2], [20].”
From Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
The Results section (page not provided) reports a statistically significant association between higher vegetable-nitrate intake and fewer ischemic cerebrovascular events in older women. It does not report coronary heart disease outcomes, and its observational association does not establish that a vegetable-rich diet protects against either condition. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Bondonno, C. P., Blekkenhorst, L. C., Prince, R. L., Ivey, K. L., Lewis, J. R., Devine, A., Woodman, R. J., Lundberg, J. O., Croft, K. D., Thompson, P. L., & Hodgson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1724-1729
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2623906363
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Healthway
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, carotid intima-media thickness, carotid atherosclerosis, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, older women, nitric oxide, vascular health, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Carotid Artery Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Life Style, Nitrates, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vegetables, Western Australia, Diet Records, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
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