Vegetable-derived bioactive nitrate and cardiovascular health
Abstract
Vegetable derived nitrate is now recognised as an important bioactive phytochemical with cardioprotective properties. Nitrate, through the recently described enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide (NO) pathway, increases NO, a molecule pivotal for cardiovascular health. Clinical trials have observed that dietary nitrate has similar effects to NO when supplied exogenously. These effects include reduced blood pressure and improvements in other markers of vascular health such as endothelial function, arterial stiffness, ischemia reperfusion injury, blood flow, and platelet aggregation. Few observational studies, however, have examined dietary nitrate intake and long term cardiovascular health outcomes. This represents a significant gap in the literature. There is also a lingering concern about a possible carcinogenic effect of nitrate intake. Additionally, a number of potential factors that could impact nitrate to nitrite to NO reduction have been identified. This review will provide an overview of the evidence to date that nitrate, through its effects on endogenous NO and vascular health, is an important bioactive cardioprotective component of a diet rich in vegetables.
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Beetroot is one of the richest dietary sources of inorganic nitrate (250-400 mg/100 g fresh weight), depending on agronomic and storage conditions.
“Depending on agronomic and storage conditions, it is also one of the richest dietary sources of inorganic nitrate (250–400 mg/100 g fresh weight) [80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [89]
Epidemiological and clinical data link the intake of vegetable-derived nitrates with reduced arterial stiffness, lower platelet aggregation, and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury; these effects are influenced by dose, microbiome integrity, and redox status.
“Epidemiological and clinical data link the intake of vegetable-derived nitrates with reduced arterial stiffness, lower platelet aggregation, and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. These effects are influenced by dose, microbiome integrity, and redox status [88,89].”
From Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations (2026) · cites this paper as [89]
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The Burden of Disease Attributable to Diet Low in Vegetables From 1990 to 2021: A Global Analysis
Wei, X., Zhang, X., Lv, X., Lai, H., & Huang, Z. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.72298
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- Authors
- Bondonno, C. P., Blekkenhorst, L. C., Liu, A. H., Bondonno, N. P., Ward, N. C., Croft, K. D., & Hodgson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bondonno, Catherine P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 61
- Pages
- 83-91
- ISSN
- 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2752589553
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation
- National Health and Medical Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, nitric oxide, nitrite, cardiovascular health, blood pressure, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, ischemia-reperfusion injury, platelet aggregation, vascular health, cardioprotection, phytochemicals
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular System, Diet, Health, Humans, Nitrates, Vegetables, Phytochemicals
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