The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Sensory Information and Prior Experience on Direct Subjective Ratings of Presence
Abstract
We report three experiments using a new form of direct subjective presence evaluation that was developed from the method of continuous assessment used to assess television picture quality. Observers were required to provide a continuous rating of their sense of presence using a handheld slider. The first experiment investigated the effects of manipulating stereoscopic and motion parallax cues within video sequences presented on a 20 in. stereoscopic CRT display. The results showed that the presentation of both stereoscopic and motion parallax cues was associated with higher presence ratings. One possible interpretation of Experiment 1 is that CRT displays that contain the spatial cues of stereoscopic disparity and motion parallax are more interesting or engaging. To test this, observers in Experiment 2 rated the same stimuli first for interest and then for presence. The results showed that variations in interest did not predict the presence ratings obtained in Experiment 1. However, the subsequent ratings of presence differed significantly from those obtained in Experiment 1, suggesting that prior experience with interest ratings affected subsequent judgments of presence. To test this, Experiment 3 investigated the effects of prior experience on presence ratings. Three groups of observers rated a training sequence for interest, presence, and 3-Dness before rating the same stimuli as used for Experiments 1 and 2 for presence. The results demonstrated that prior ratings sensitize observers to different features of a display resulting in different presence ratings. The implications of these results for presence evaluation are discussed, and a combination of more-refined subjective measures and a battery of objective measures is recommended.
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Citations
Cites
Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence
Heeter, C. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262 · Cited by 1,457
Musings on Telepresence and Virtual Presence
Sheridan, T. B. (1992) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.120 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 3×
“The major analyses have come from Sheridan (1992), Ellis (1996), Slater and Usoh (1994), Heeter (1992), and Welch, Blackmon, Liu, Mellers, and Stark (1996).”
BackgroundDepth of Presence in Virtual Environments
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.130 · Cited by 1,342
Autonomy, Interaction, and Presence
Zeltzer, D. (1992) · Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127 · Cited by 454
Representations systems, perceptual position, and presence in immersive virtual environments
Slater, M., & Usoh, M. (1993) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1993.2.3.221 · Cited by 401
Similarities between motion parallax and stereopsis in human depth perception
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Presence within Virtual Environments as a Function of Visual Display Parameters
Hendrix, C., & Barfield, W. (1996) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.274 · Cited by 331
Welch, R., Blackmon, T., Liu, A., Mellers, B., & Stark, L. (1996) · Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.263 · Cited by 316
The Sense of Presence within Auditory Virtual Environments
Hendrix, C. M., & Barfield, W. (1996) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.290 · Cited by 280
Presence and Performance Within Virtual Environments
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Cited by
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Simulating perception with interactive virtual environments
Mania, K. (2005) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icsmc.2004.1400752 · Cited by 1
A Hybrid Avatar/Agent Model for Educational CVEs
Gerhard, M. E. (2003) · Cited by 1
Effect of simulated freefall lifeboat training on launch skill acquisition
Dalton, A. (2015) · Memorial University Research Repository (Memorial University) · Cited by 1
Whole-Body Vibration Influences Sound Localization in the Median Plane
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Robinette, J. L. (2011) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
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Iannoccari, G. A. (2010) · Aisberg (University of Bergamo) · doi:10.13122/iannoccari-giuseppe-alfredo_phd2010-03-05
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Measuring Presence in Mobile 3D
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A user-centred model of presence
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XR Immersion for teaching and learning with precise visualization in user perspective
Jayaraj, L., & Reeve, C. (2024) · International Conference on Education Development and Studies (ICEDS) · doi:10.1145/3669947.3669956
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Sense of Presence in Desktop VR
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Presence and Navigational Experience in Desktop Virtual Reality
Berki, B. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications · doi:10.1109/coginfocom63007.2024.10894717
The subjective response of people living with HIV to illness narratives in VR
Hamza, S. (2004) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Enhancing Immersive Training: How Environmental Context Influences User Experience and Performance
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Impacts de la fatigue visuelle sur l’apprentissage via serious game en réalité virtuelle
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When Worlds Collide: How Real Collisions and Fear of Colliding Influence the User Experience in VR
Ring, P., Pricken, M., & Masuch, M. (2026) · International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) · doi:10.1145/3815598.3815613
Design Challenges for Objective and Implicit Experience Measures in Mixed Reality
Chandio, Y., Garcia, L. A., & Anwar, F. M. (2026) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-33701-6_14
Playing It Safe: Influence of Cluttered Spaces on the User Experience in Private VR Use
Ring, P., Graf, L., & Masuch, M. (2026) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3800965.3834282
Metadata
- Authors
- Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselsteijn, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Venue
- Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128892972
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- presence, continuous assessment, stereoscopic display, motion parallax, stereoscopic disparity, prior experience, sensory cues, CRT display
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