The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Sensory Information and Prior Experience on Direct Subjective Ratings of Presence
Abstract
We report three experiments using a new form of direct subjective presence evaluation that was developed from the method of continuous assessment used to assess television picture quality. Observers were required to provide a continuous rating of their sense of presence using a handheld slider. The first experiment investigated the effects of manipulating stereoscopic and motion parallax cues within video sequences presented on a 20 in. stereoscopic CRT display. The results showed that the presentation of both stereoscopic and motion parallax cues was associated with higher presence ratings. One possible interpretation of Experiment 1 is that CRT displays that contain the spatial cues of stereoscopic disparity and motion parallax are more interesting or engaging. To test this, observers in Experiment 2 rated the same stimuli first for interest and then for presence. The results showed that variations in interest did not predict the presence ratings obtained in Experiment 1. However, the subsequent ratings of presence differed significantly from those obtained in Experiment 1, suggesting that prior experience with interest ratings affected subsequent judgments of presence. To test this, Experiment 3 investigated the effects of prior experience on presence ratings. Three groups of observers rated a training sequence for interest, presence, and 3-Dness before rating the same stimuli as used for Experiments 1 and 2 for presence. The results demonstrated that prior ratings sensitize observers to different features of a display resulting in different presence ratings. The implications of these results for presence evaluation are discussed, and a combination of more-refined subjective measures and a battery of objective measures is recommended.
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Citations
Cites
Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence
Heeter, C. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262 · Cited by 1,457
Musings on Telepresence and Virtual Presence
Sheridan, T. B. (1992) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.120 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 3×
“The major analyses have come from Sheridan (1992), Ellis (1996), Slater and Usoh (1994), Heeter (1992), and Welch, Blackmon, Liu, Mellers, and Stark (1996).”
BackgroundDepth of Presence in Virtual Environments
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.130 · Cited by 1,342
Autonomy, Interaction, and Presence
Zeltzer, D. (1992) · Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127 · Cited by 454
Representations systems, perceptual position, and presence in immersive virtual environments
Slater, M., & Usoh, M. (1993) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1993.2.3.221 · Cited by 401
Similarities between motion parallax and stereopsis in human depth perception
Rogers, B., & Graham, M. (1982) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(82)90126-2 · Cited by 363
Presence within Virtual Environments as a Function of Visual Display Parameters
Hendrix, C., & Barfield, W. (1996) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.274 · Cited by 331
Welch, R., Blackmon, T., Liu, A., Mellers, B., & Stark, L. (1996) · Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.263 · Cited by 316
The Sense of Presence within Auditory Virtual Environments
Hendrix, C. M., & Barfield, W. (1996) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.3.290 · Cited by 280
Presence and Performance Within Virtual Environments
Barfield, W., & Zeltzer, D. (1995) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195075557.003.0023 · Cited by 272
Perceived depth and the feeling of presence in 3DTV
IJsselsteijn, W. A., de Ridder, H., Hamberg, R., Bouwhuis, D. G., & Freeman, J. (1998) · Displays · doi:10.1016/s0141-9382(98)00022-5 · Cited by 208
Self-citationFurther Musings on the Psychophysics of Presence
Sheridan, T. B. (1996) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.2.241 · Cited by 179
Further musings on the psychophysics of presence
Sheridan, T. B. (2002) · Conference proceedings/Conference proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icsmc.1994.399986 · Cited by 152
Presence of Mind:A Reaction to Thomas Sheridan's “Further Musings on the Psychophysics of Presence”
Ellis, S. R. (1996) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.2.247 · Cited by 134
Comments on the Use of Olfactory Displays for Virtual Environments
Barfield, W., & Danas, E. (1996) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1996.5.1.109 · Cited by 133
Sheridan, T. B. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.272 · Cited by 69
Continuous assessment of perceptual image quality
Hamberg, R., & de Ridder, H. (1995) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.12.002573 · Cited by 54
Measurement of scene-dependent quality variations in digitally coded television pictures
Aldridge, R. P. (1995) · IEE Proceedings - Vision Image and Signal Processing · doi:10.1049/ip-vis:19951937 · Cited by 39
Continuous Assessment of Image Quality
de Ridder, H., & Hamberg, R. (1997) · SMPTE Journal · doi:10.5594/j15812 · Cited by 31
Continuous Assessment of Presence in Stereoscopic Displays
IJsselsteijn, W. A., Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Davidoff, J. B., de Ridder, H., & Hamberg, R. (1997) · Perception · doi:10.1068/v970359 · Cited by 16
Self-citationEffects of Stereo and Motion Manipulations on Measured Presence in Stereoscopic Displays
Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Davidoff, J. B., & Pearson, D. E. (1997) · Perception · doi:10.1068/v970362 · Cited by 15
Self-citationMeasurements of ‘Von Kries’ Contrast Colours
Whittle, P., & Arend, L. E. (1997) · Perception · doi:10.1068/v970050 · Cited by 3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From presence to consciousness through virtual reality.
Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1651 · Cited by 1,831
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Lessiter, J., Freeman, J., Keogh, E., & Davidoff, J. (2001) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/105474601300343612 · Cited by 1,208
Self-citationAn Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence
Seth, A. K., Suzuki, K., & Critchley, H. D. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00395 · Cited by 950
“Subjective measures depend on self-report and can be formalized by questionnaires (Lessiter et al., 2001); however these measures can be unstable in that prior knowledge can influence the results (Freeman et al., 1999).”
BackgroundUsing Presence Questionnaires in Reality
Usoh, M., Catena, E., Arman, S., & Slater, M. (2000) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/105474600566989 · Cited by 985
Research on Presence in Virtual Reality: A Survey
Schuemie, M. J., van der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & van der Mast, C. P. A. G. (2001) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493101300117884 · Cited by 979
Metadata
- Authors
- Freeman, J., Avons, S. E., Pearson, D. E., & IJsselsteijn, W. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Venue
- Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2128892972
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- presence, continuous assessment, stereoscopic display, motion parallax, stereoscopic disparity, prior experience, sensory cues, CRT display
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