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Cited by 313

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments

Bystrom, Karl-Erik, Barfield, Woodrow, Hendrix, Claudia·1999·Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

Abstract

This paper proposes a model of interaction in virtual environments which we term the immersion, presence, performance (IPP) model. This model is based on previous models of immersion and presence proposed by Barfield and colleagues and Slater and colleagues. The IPP model describes the authors' current conceptualization of the effects of display technology, task demands, and attentional resource allocation on immersion, presence, and performance in virtual environments. The IPP model may be useful for developing a theoretical framework for research on presence and for interpreting the results of empirical studies on the sense of presence in virtual environments. The model may also be of interest to designers of virtual environments.

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Crossref · 10.1162/105474699566107

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Metadata

Authors
Bystrom, K.-E., Barfield, W., & Hendrix, C.
Venue
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Published
1999-04
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
241-244
ISSN
1054-7460 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2140665136
Cited by
313
References
12
FWCI
5.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1162/105474699566107
The paper
Bystrom, K.-E., Barfield, W., & Hendrix, C. (1999). A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566107

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.