Cited by 893Virtual Reality Applications and ImpactsMedia Influence and HealthFlow Experience in Various Fields

A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences

Open access
Wirth, Werner, Hartmann, Tilo, Böcking, Saskia, Vorderer, Peter, Klimmt, Christoph, Schramm, Holger, Saari, Timo, Laarni, Jari +7 more·2007·Media Psychology

Abstract

In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a theoretical model of the formation of Spatial Presence is proposed. It is applicable to the exposure to different media and intended to unify the existing efforts to develop a theory of Presence. The model includes assumptions about attention allocation, mental models, and involvement, and considers the role of media factors and user characteristics as well, thus incorporating much previous work. It is argued that a commonly accepted model of Spatial Presence is the only solution to secure further progress within the international, interdisciplinary and multiple-paradigm community of Presence research.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/15213260701283079

Cites

111 of 111 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Böcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., Saari, T., Laarni, J., Ravaja, N., Gouveia, F. R., Biocca, F., Sacau, A., Jäncke, L., Baumgartner, T., & Jäncke, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Hanover University of Music Drama and Media (DE)
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration
  • Fernando Pessoa University (PT)
  • University of Zurich
Venue
Media Psychology
Published
2007-05-15
Volume
9
Issue
3
Pages
493-525
ISSN
  • 1521-3269 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-785X
OpenAlex
W1988332051
Cited by
893
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 67 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 36
FWCI
38.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Media Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
  • MADOC (University of Mannheim) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
Keywords
spatial presence, presence theory, process model, attention allocation, mental models, user participation, media exposure, user characteristics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review