A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences
Open accessAbstract
In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a theoretical model of the formation of Spatial Presence is proposed. It is applicable to the exposure to different media and intended to unify the existing efforts to develop a theory of Presence. The model includes assumptions about attention allocation, mental models, and involvement, and considers the role of media factors and user characteristics as well, thus incorporating much previous work. It is argued that a commonly accepted model of Spatial Presence is the only solution to secure further progress within the international, interdisciplinary and multiple-paradigm community of Presence research.
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The tendency of a learner to become absorbed in activities may make them more inclined to experience spatial presence.
“Furthermore, the tendency of the learner to become absorbed in activities may make them more inclined to experience spatial presence (a combination of physical presence and self-presence; Wirth et al. 2007).”
From The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL): a Theoretical Research-Based Model of Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality (2021) · cites this paper as Wirth et al. 2007
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“…which “ occurs when part or all of a person ’ s perception fails to accurately acknowledge the role of technology that makes it appear that s/he is in a physical location and environment different from her/his actual location and environment in the physical world ” (Wirth et al. 2007, p. 495).”
BackgroundIdentifying with fictive characters: structural brain correlates of the personality trait ‘fantasy’
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- Authors
- Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Böcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., Saari, T., Laarni, J., Ravaja, N., Gouveia, F. R., Biocca, F., Sacau, A., Jäncke, L., Baumgartner, T., & Jäncke, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Hanover University of Music Drama and Media (DE)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration
- Fernando Pessoa University (PT)
- University of Zurich
- ORCID
- Venue
- Media Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-05-15
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 493-525
- ISSN
- 1521-3269 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-785X
- OpenAlex
- W1988332051
- Semantic Scholar
- 5b745f75d310f19b55db5874ef99e150214bf915
- Cited by
- 893
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 38.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vu.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Media Psychology (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- MADOC (University of Mannheim) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Media Influence and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Keywords
- spatial presence, presence theory, process model, attention allocation, mental models, user participation, media exposure, user characteristics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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