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Hearing in the Mind's Ear: A PET Investigation of Musical Imagery and Perception
Abstract
Neuropsychological studies have suggested that imagery processes may be mediated by neuronal mechanisms similar to those used in perception. To test this hypothesis, and to explore the neural basis for song imagery, 12 normal subjects were scanned using the water bolus method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) during the performance of three tasks. In the control condition subjects saw pairs of words on each trial and judged which word was longer. In the perceptual condition subjects also viewed pairs of words, this time drawn from a familiar song; simultaneously they heard the corresponding song, and their task was to judge the change in pitch of the two cued words within the song. In the imagery condition, subjects performed precisely the same judgment as in the perceptual condition, but with no auditory input. Thus, to perform the imagery task correctly an internal auditory representation must be accessed. Paired-image subtraction of the resulting pattern of CBF, together with matched MRI for anatomical localization, revealed that both perceptual and imagery. tasks produced similar patterns of CBF changes, as compared to the control condition, in keeping with the hypothesis. More specifically, both perceiving and imagining songs are associated with bilateral neuronal activity in the secondary auditory cortices, suggesting that processes within these regions underlie the phenomenological impression of imagined sounds. Other CBF foci elicited in both tasks include areas in…
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“The resemblance of neural responses in auditory imagery and auditory perception (Experiments 3–5) agrees with findings that similar neural substrates mediate auditory perception and imagery in fMRI studies (Zatorre et al., 1996; Wheeler et al., 2000; Schürmann et al., 2002; Halpern et al., 2004; Aleman et al., 2005; Bunzeck et al., 2005; Zatorre et al., 2009).”
From Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models (2010) · cites this paper as Zatorre et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“Support for this idea has been provided by studies showing that inner speech activates similar brain regions to overt speech, including audition and language-related perceptual areas and supplementary motor areas, but does not typically activate primary motor cortex (Palmer et al., 2001; Zatorre et al., 1996; Aleman et al., 2005; Shuster and Lemieux, 2005).”
From Neurophysiological evidence of efference copies to inner speech (2017) · cites this paper as Zatorre et al., 1996
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“Both studies also revealed activation of the supplemen - tary motor area , suggesting that both input and output speech mechanisms are engaged in auditory mental imagery ( compare , Zatorre et al .”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zatorre, R. J., Halpern, A. R., Perry, D. W., Meyer, E., & Evans, A. C.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Bucknell University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 1996-01-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-46
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2118136160
- Semantic Scholar
- f29b04ee41f4233efa52f1b15848d758b3eec99d
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bucknell Digital Commons (Bucknell University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- musical imagery, auditory imagery, song perception, cerebral blood flow, secondary auditory cortex, supplementary motor area, thalamus
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