Cited by 457Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy DevelopmentLanguage Development and Disorders

The neural substrates underlying word generation: A bilingual functional-imaging study

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Klein, D, Milner, B, Zatorre, R J, Meyer, E, Evans, A C·1995·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

We used positron emission tomography to investigate word generation in subjects whose first language was English but who were also proficient in French. These subjects performed three types of lexical search: rhyme generation based on phonological cues, synonym generation requiring a semantic search, and translation involving access to a semantic representation in the other language. Two control tasks required word repetition in each language. We investigated whether phonological and semantic word-generation activate similar regions and whether the same neural substrates subserve the second language as subserve the first. A series of cerebral blood flow increases, corresponding to Brodmann's areas 47, 46, 45, and 8, were observed in the left frontal cortex when the baseline repetition task was subtracted from each of the respective generation tasks. The results suggest that common neural substrates are involved in within- and across-language searches and that the left inferior frontal region is activated irrespective of whether the search is guided by phonological or semantic cues.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2899

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Authors
Klein, D., Milner, B., Zatorre, R. J., Meyer, E., & Evans, A. C.
Affiliations
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
1995-03-28
Volume
92
Issue
7
Pages
2899-2903
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W1997448502
Cited by
457
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 21
FWCI
6.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
word production, bilingualism, lexical search, synonym generation, translation, phonological cues, semantic cues, left inferior frontal cortex, cross-language activation, French-English bilinguals
MeSH terms
Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neurons, Speech, Stereotaxic Techniques, Tomography, Emission-Computed

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