Cited by 209Psychology of Moral and Emotional JudgmentAction Observation and SynchronizationNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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An fMRI Investigation of Spontaneous Mental State Inference for Moral Judgment

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Young, Liane, Saxe, Rebecca·2009·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/jocn.2009.21137

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Abstract

Human moral judgment depends critically on “theory of mind,” the capacity to represent the mental states of agents. Recent studies suggest that the right TPJ (RTPJ) and, to lesser extent, the left TPJ (LTPJ), the precuneus (PC), and the medial pFC (MPFC) are robustly recruited when participants read explicit statements of an agent's beliefs and then judge the moral status of the agent's action. Real-world interactions, by contrast, often require social partners to infer each other's mental states. The current study uses fMRI to probe the role of these brain regions in supporting spontaneous mental state inference in the service of moral judgment. Participants read descriptions of a protagonist's action and then either (i) “moral” facts about the action's effect on another person or (ii) “nonmoral” facts about the situation. The RTPJ, PC, and MPFC were recruited selectively for moral over nonmoral facts, suggesting that processing moral stimuli elicits spontaneous mental state inference. In a second experiment, participants read the same scenarios, but explicit statements of belief preceded the facts: Protagonists believed their actions would cause harm or not. The response in the RTPJ, PC, and LTPJ was again higher for moral facts but also distinguished between neutral and negative outcomes. Together, the results illuminate two aspects of theory of mind in moral judgment: (1) spontaneous belief inference and (2) stimulus-driven belief integration.

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Authors: Young, L., & Saxe, R.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
ORCID: Young, Liane
Saxe, Rebecca
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 2009-07-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 7
Pages: 1396-1405
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21137
OpenAlex: W2142847572
Semantic Scholar: ba042938610f9a26e4a5f3fa0f5c78fdc2e798c9
Cited by: 208
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 6.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: moral judgment, theory of mind, mental state inference, right temporoparietal junction, precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex, moral facts, social cognition
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Culture, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Judgment, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Morals, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Parietal Lobe, Reaction Time, Social Perception, Young Adult

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An fMRI Investigation of Spontaneous Mental State Inference for Moral Judgment

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