Cited by 102Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismAction Observation and SynchronizationEmbodied and Extended Cognition

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The relationship of language and emotion: n400 support for an embodied view of language comprehension.

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Chwilla, Dorothee J., Virgillito, Daniele, Vissers, Constance Th. W. M.·2011·Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

DOI 10.1162/jocn.2010.21578

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Abstract

According to embodied theories, the symbols used by language are meaningful because they are grounded in perception, action, and emotion. In contrast, according to abstract symbol theories, meaning arises from the syntactic combination of abstract, amodal symbols. If language is grounded in internal bodily states, then one would predict that emotion affects language. Consistent with this, advocates of embodied theories propose a strong link between emotion and language [Havas, D., Glenberg, A. M., & Rinck, M. Emotion simulation during language comprehension. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 436–441, 2007; Niedenthal, P. M. Embodying emotion. Science, 316, 1002–1005, 2007]. The goal of this study was to test abstract symbol vs. embodied views of language by investigating whether mood affects semantic processing. To this aim, we induced different emotional states (happy vs. sad) by presenting film clips that displayed fragments from a happy movie or a sad movie. The clips were presented before and during blocks of sentences in which the cloze probability of mid-sentence critical words varied (high vs. low). Participants read sentences while ERPs were recorded. The mood induction procedure was successful: Participants watching the happy film clips scored higher on a mood scale than those watching the sad clips. For N400, mood by cloze probability interactions were obtained. The N400 cloze effect was strongly reduced in the sad mood compared with the happy mood condition. Furthermore, a difference in late positivity was only present for the sad mood condition. The mood by semantic processing interaction observed for N400 supports embodied theories of meaning and challenges abstract symbol theories that assume that processing of word meaning reflects a modular process.

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Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0007
Epigraph
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.002.0006
Conclusion
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0009
Reading Kinesis in Trojan Women
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0005
The Meaning of Suffering and the Oresteia’s Somatic Patterns
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0003
The Oresteia’s Embodied Ethics
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0002
The Disruption of Shared Affectivity in Ajax
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0006
Bodily Ways of Knowing in Persians
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.003.0004
Note on Text and Abbreviations
Angelopoulou, A. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780197777091.002.0005
Your Mileage May Vary: Individuals with Primary Progressive Aphasia Differ Widely in Their Utilization of Congruent Prosodic and Visual Information During Sentence Comprehension
Chaves, M., Lambert, M. A., Kelly, L., Diaz-Carr, I., Neal, V., Hillis, A. E., & Stockbridge, M. D. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16020149

Authors: Chwilla, D. J., Virgillito, D., & Vissers, C. T. W. M.
Affiliations: Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
University of Bologna (IT)
ORCID: Virgillito, Daniele
Vissers, Constance Th. W. M.
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Publisher: MIT Press - Journals
Published: 2011-09-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 9
Pages: 2400-2414
ISSN: 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
1530-8898
DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21578
OpenAlex: W2092103714
Cited by: 101
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 2.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Radboud Universiteit
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
Keywords: language comprehension, emotions, embodied cognition, N400, mood induction, semantic processing, cloze probability, late positive potential, emotion simulation, word meaning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Reaction Time, Reading, Statistics as Topic, Symbolism, Comprehension, Young Adult

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The relationship of language and emotion: n400 support for an embodied view of language comprehension.

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