Cited by 918Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAsthma and respiratory diseasesRedox biology and oxidative stress

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

Gaston, B, Drazen, J M, Loscalzo, J, Stamler, J S·1994·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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Abstract

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), regarded in the past primarily as toxic air pollutants, have recently been shown to be bioactive species formed endogenously in the human lung. The relationship between the toxicities and the bioactivities of NOx must be understood in the context of their chemical interactions in the pulmonary microenvironment. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a newly identified enzyme system active in airway epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, autonomic neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The chemical products of NOS in the lung vary with disease states, and are involved in pulmonary neurotransmission, host defense, and airway and vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Further, certain patients with pulmonary hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome and asthma may experience physiologic improvement with NOx therapy, including inhalation of nitric oxide (NO.) gas. Both endogenous and exogenous NOx react readily with oxygen, superoxide, water, nucleotides, metalloproteins, thiols, amines, and lipids to form products with biochemical actions ranging from bronchodilation and bacteriostasis (S-nitrosothiols) to cytotoxicity and pulmonary capillary leak (peroxynitrite), as well as those with frank mutagenic potential (nitrosamines). Recent discoveries demonstrating the relevance of these species to the lung have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease, and they have opened a new horizon of therapeutic possibilities for pulmonary medicine.

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Items 301–400 of 917

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“When vascular endothelial cells are stimulated to increase their production of nitric oxide (NO), the NO rapidly diffuses into subjacent vascular smooth muscle cells, where it causes relaxation and vasodilation ( 1 ).”
Background
Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate peroxynitrite-induced cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells
Nabeyrat, E., Jones, G. E., Fenwick, P. S., Barnes, P. J., & Donnelly, L. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00178.2002 · Cited by 43
“PEROXYNITRITE (ONOO ) is a potent oxidant generated by the rapid nonenzymatic interaction between nitric oxide (NO ) and the superoxide anion radical (O2 ), both of which are generated during inflammatory stress (10).”
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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“[17] Compared with”
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Sumino, H., Sato, K., Sakamaki, T., Masuda, H., Nakamura, T., Kanda, T., & Nagai, R. (1998) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.113.2.317 · Cited by 43
Exogenous Nitric Oxide Regulates the Degranulation of Human Basophils and Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells
Iikura, M., Takaishi, T., Hirai, K., Yamada, H., Iida, M., Koshino, T., & Morita, Y. (1998) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000023892 · Cited by 43
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Background
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“It plays an important role in the pathophysiology of airway diseases [ 2 ].”
Background
Exhaled nitric oxide concentrations: Online versus offline values in healthy children
Kissoon, N. “., Duckworth, L. J., Blake, K., Murphy, S. P., Taylor, C. L., DeNicola, L. R., & Silkoff, P. E. (2002) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.10023 · Cited by 40
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Lee, J., Choi, I.-S., Park, K.-O., Lee, J.-H., Park, S., Park, C., & Jang, A. (2004) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-003-2129-9 · Cited by 41
“Alterations in endogenous NO metabolism, or the therapeutic and diagnostic use of NO and its derivatives, may play an important role in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, pulmonary hypertension and immune-complex-mediated lung injury [16].”
Background
Pulmonary toxicity associated with nitric oxide in term infants with severe respiratory failure
Hallman, M., Bry, K., Turbow, R., et al. (1998) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70312-9 · Cited by 41
Asthma, Viruses, and Nitric Oxide
Sanders, S. P. (1999) · Proceedings of The Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-19.x · Cited by 43
“NO is a free radical molecule that mediates a broad range of important physiological processes and may act as a vasodilator, neurotransmitter, antimicrobial, or immune regulator (110) (111) (112) (113) (114) (115) .”
Background
Prostaglandins E2 and F2 α Reduce Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Normal and Asthmatic Subjects Irrespective of Airway Caliber Changes
Kharitonov, S. A., Sapienza, M. A., Barnes, P. J., & Chung, K. F. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9707076 · Cited by 40
Natural history of primary snoring in children
Marcus, C. L., Hamer, A., & Loughlin, G. M. (1998) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(199807)26:1 · Cited by 109
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (ADMA in COPD)
Scott, J. A., Duongh, M., Young, A., Subbarao, P., Gauvreau, G. M., & Grasemann, H. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms15046062 · Cited by 42
“Based upon our hypothesis that increased ADMA results in reduced NO synthesis, and the fact that NO deficiency has been associated with airflow limitation and airway responsiveness in other respiratory diseases [1,2,10,33,34], it is interesting that the fraction of expired NO (FeNO) in the COPD patients correlated sig…”
Background
Xylitol nasal irrigation in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
Lin, L., Tang, X., Wei, J., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2017.03.006 · Cited by 40
Endothelial-constitutive nitric oxide synthase exists in airways and diesel exhaust particles inhibit the effect of nitric oxide
Muto, E., Hayashi, T., Yamada, K., Esaki, T., Sagai, M., & Iguchi, A. (1996) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00487-0 · Cited by 40
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Vermeer, I. T. M., Henderson, L. Y., Moonen, E. J. C., et al. (2004) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.07.013 · Cited by 40
Ultrastructural and Ultracytochemical Study of the Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelium in Vasomotor Rhinitis
Giannessi, F., Fattori, B., Ursino, F., et al. (2003) · Acta Oto-Laryngologica · doi:10.1080/00016480310000737 · Cited by 40
Treatment of septic shock in rats with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and inhaled nitric oxide
Pedoto, A. C., Tassiopoulos, A. K., Oler, A., McGraw, D. J., Hoffmann, S. P., Camporesi, E. M., & HAKIM, T. S. (1998) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199812000-00034 · Cited by 40
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Michils, A., Louis, R. E., Peché, R., Baldassarre, S., & Muylem, A. V. (2009) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00154008 · Cited by 40
Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell: a new target for pharmacotherapy?
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Inhaled Nitric Oxide Reduces Tyrosine Nitration after Lipopolysaccharide Instillation into Lungs of Rats
Honda, K., Kobayashi, H., Hataishi, R., Hirano, S., Fukuyama, N., Nakazawa, H. K., & Tomita, T. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9807112 · Cited by 40
l ‐citrulline prevents asymmetric dimethylarginine‐mediated reductions in nitric oxide and nitrosative stress in primary human airway epithelial cells
Winnica, D., Que, L. G., Baffi, C. W., Grasemann, H., Fiedler, K. B., Yang, Z., Etling, E. B., Wasil, K., Wenzel, S. E., Freeman, B., et al. (2016) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12802 · Cited by 39
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Ortíz, G. G., Benítez‐King, G., Rosales‐Corral, S., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., & Velázquez-Brizuela, I. E. (2008) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/157015908785777201 · Cited by 38
“Nitric oxide is a multifunctional molecule that participates in processes such as vasodilatation, bronchodilatation, neurotransmission, antimicrobial activity, inhibition of both phagocyte and platelet aggregation [32, 34, 36,40], regulation of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain [18-20, 30, 32…”
Protein Nitration, Metabolites of Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Inflammation in Lung Allografts
de Andrade, J. A., Crow, J. P., Viera, L., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9907001 · Cited by 39
Endogenous nitric oxide modifies antigen-induced microvascular leakage in sensitized guinea pig airways
Miura, M., Ichinose, M., Kageyama, N., et al. (1996) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70236-1 · Cited by 39
Reduced rather than enhanced cholinergic airway constriction in mice with ablation of the large conductance Ca 2+ ‐activated K + channel
Sausbier, M., Zhou, X., Beiern, C., et al. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-7167com · Cited by 38
A Method to Attenuate Pneumoperitoneum-Induced Reductions in Splanchnic Blood Flow
Ali, N. A., Eubanks, W. S., Stamler, J. S., Gow, A. J., Lagoo‐Deenadayalan, S. A., Villegas, L., El-Moalem, H. E., & Reynolds, J. D. H. (2005) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000153034.54128.5e · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Airway nitric oxide in infants with acute wheezy bronchitis
Ratjen, F. A., Kavuk, I., Gärtig, S., Wiesemann, H., & Grasemann, H. (2000) · Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3038.2000.00093.x · Cited by 37
Inhaled nitric oxide in cardiology practice
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Nitric Oxide Gas Decreases Endothelin-1 mRNA in Cultured Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells
Smith, A., Demoncheaux, E. A. G., & Higenbottam, T. (2002) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1006/niox.2001.0400 · Cited by 38
Airway reactivity, inflammatory cell influx and nitric oxide in guinea‐pig airways after lipopolysaccharide inhalation
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“In normal lungs, NO is synthesized by two constitutive NOS (cNOS) isoforms expressed in nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurones (nNOS), vascular endothelial cells (eNOS) and airway epithelial cells (nNOS and eNOS) (Gaston et al., 1994).”
Background
NO in exhaled air is correlated with markers of eosinophilic airway inflammation in corticosteroid-dependent childhood asthma
Mattes, J., Gravesande, K. S. V., Reining, U., Alving, K., Ihorst, G., Henschen, M., & Kuehr, J. (1999) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.99.13613969 · Cited by 37
Inhaled lead affects lung pathology and inflammation in sensitized and control guinea pigs
Boskabady, M. H., Tabatabai, S. A., & Farkhondeh, T. (2014) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.22058 · Cited by 37
“The increased serum ET-1, EPO, and NO levels (Gaston et al., 1994; Trakada et al., 2000; Hyung Cho et al., 2010) and lung histopathological changes have been reported in OA-sensitized guinea pigs (Boskabady et al.”
Background
Immunomodulatory properties of surfactant preparations
Bersani, I., Kunzmann, S., & Speer, C. P. (2012) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/eri.12.156 · Cited by 37
HBOC Vasoactivity: Interplay Between Nitric Oxide Scavenging and Capacity to Generate Bioactive Nitric Oxide Species
Cabrales, P., & Friedman, J. M. (2013) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5099.test · Cited by 37
Pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis
Avdeev, S. N. (2017) · PULMONOLOGIYA · doi:10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-6-725-735 · Cited by 37
A European survey of the use of inhaled nitric oxide in the ICU
Béloucif, S., Payen, D. M., & the Working Group on Inhaled NO in the ICU of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (1998) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340050679 · Cited by 37
“However, inhaled NO may also worsen lung injury, especially when combined with high inspired oxygen fractions via the rapid formation of toxic NO derivatives such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or peroxynitrite (ONOO) [ 22 , 23].”
Background
Response of Alveolar Macrophages from Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout or Wild-Type Mice to an in Vitro Lipopolysaccharide or Silica Exposure
Zeidler, P. C., Roberts, J. R., Castranova, V., et al. (2003) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · doi:10.1080/15287390306395 · Cited by 37
“On the other hand, data suggest that low levels of iNOS are present in cells of the upper airways in rat and humans under normal physiologic conditions (Gaston et al., 1994; Kobzik et al., 1993; Castranova, 1998a).”
Background
Nasal and lower airway level of nitric oxide in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Karadag, B. T., James, A. J., Gültekin, E., Wilson, N. M., & Bush, A. (1999) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13f28.x · Cited by 37
L-Arginine Uptake and Metabolism by Lung Macrophages and Neutrophils Following Intratracheal Instillation of Silica In Vivo
Schapira, R. M., Wiessner, J. H., Morrisey, J. F., Almagro, U. A., & Nelin, L. D. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.19.2.2814 · Cited by 37
“It has been suggested that the role of NO formation in response to silica is related to the ability of NO to combine rapidly with O2(2) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(2)), a potent oxidant capable of oxidizing an array of biomolecules (28, 29).”
Background
Nitric Oxide in the Developing Lung
Shaul, P. W. (1995) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0065-3101(24)00120-8 · Cited by 36
S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Inhibition Regulates Allergen-Induced Lung Inflammation and Airway Hyperreactivity
Ferrini, M. E., Simons, B., Bassett, D. J. P., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070351 · Cited by 36
“in high levels in lung lining fluid [13] and has been shown to exert bronchodilatory activity with a 100-fold higher potency than theophylline [16,17,18].”
Background
Modeling of the Nitric Oxide Transport in the Human Lungs
Karamaoun, C., Muylem, A. V., & Haut, B. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00255 · Cited by 36
Pulmonary infections increase exhaled nitric oxide in lung transplant recipients: a longitudinal study
Antus, B., Csiszér, E., Czebe, K., et al. (2005) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00354.x · Cited by 36
Airway Nitric Oxide in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Is Associated With Pancreatic Function, Pseudomonas Infection, and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Keen, C., Olin, A., Edentoft, A., Gronowitz, E., & Strandvik, B. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.06-2635 · Cited by 36
Nitric oxide and the respiratory system in health and disease
Al-Ali, M. K., & Howarth, P. H. (1998) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(98)90000-2 · Cited by 36
Diethyl Dithiocarbamate-Induced Decomposition ofS-Nitrosothiols
Arnelle, D. R., Day, B. J., & Stamler, J. S. (1997) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1006/niox.1996.0107 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
Exhaled carbon monoxide levels after a course of oral prednisone in children with asthma exacerbation
Zanconato, S., Scollo, M., Zaramella, C., et al. (2002) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121954 · Cited by 36
Epithelial, dendritic, and CD4+ T cell regulation of and by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in allergic sensitization
Ckless, K., Hodgkins, S. R., Ather, J. L., Martin, R., & Poynter, M. E. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.005 · Cited by 37
“In response to infection, neutrophils also produce O2 via NADPH oxidase (51).”
Background
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Allergen-Induced Asthma-Like Reaction in Sensitized Guinea Pigs
Bani, D., Giannini, L., Ciampa, A. R., et al. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.102178 · Cited by 35
“Conversely, high NO levels, reflecting iNOS up-regulation by proinflammatory cytokines, can produce deleterious effects, including increased vascular permeability, airway epithelium damage, and leukocyte infiltration (Gaston et al., 1994).”
Background
Inducible nitric oxide synthase in the lung and exhaled nitric oxide after hyperoxia
Cucchiaro, G., Tatum, A. H., Brown, M. C., Camporesi, E. M., Daucher, J. W., & HAKIM, T. S. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.3.l636 · Cited by 35
Concurrent trends in asthma and obesity
Chinn, S. H. F. (2004) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2004.031161 · Cited by 35
Exhaled nitric oxide corresponds with office evaluation of asthma control
Meyts, I., Proesmans, M., & Boeck, K. D. (2003) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.10317 · Cited by 35
“There is increasing evidence that inflammatory cytokines involved in asthmatic airway inflammation induce expression of NOS.(7,8) Moreover, inducible NOS was detected immunohistochemically in the bronchial epithelium of asthmatic patients.”
Background
Mechanisms of Synergistic Cytokine-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
Kwon, S., Newcomb, R. L., & George, S. C. (2001) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1006/niox.2001.0387 · Cited by 35
“There is currently considerable interest in inhibiting NO production as a therapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases (5, 6); hence, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying its production.”
Background
Increased nitric oxide metabolites in exhaled breath condensate after exposure to tobacco smoke
Bálint, B., Donnelly, L., Hanazawa, T., et al. (2001) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.56.6.456 · Cited by 35
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Edwards, A. D. (1995) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/fn.72.2.f127 · Cited by 35
Immunohistochemical Evidence for the NO cGMP Signaling Pathway In Respiratory Ciliated Epithelia of Rat
Zhan, X., Li, D., & Johns, R. A. (1999) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/002215549904701103 · Cited by 33
“It is widely assumed that NO diffuses passively from the cytosol of its cell of origin into distant target cells to elicit a response (Gaston et al. 1994).”
Background
Nitric Oxide and Airway Reactivity
zkan, M., & Dweik, R. A. (2001) · Clinical Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/00045413-200107000-00001 · Cited by 34
“Analogues of l-arginine act as false substrates for the enzyme and therefore block the formation of endogenous NO (9).”
Background
Markers of active airway inflammation and remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Rutgers, S. R., Timens, W., Kauffman, H. F., & Postma, D. S. (2001) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01004.x · Cited by 32
Absorption of Inhaled NO2
Enami, S., Hoffmann, M. R., & Colussi, A. J. (2009) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp902667x · Cited by 34
Apocynin decreases hydrogen peroxide and nirtate concentrations in exhaled breath in healthy subjects
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“[53] Gaston B, Drazen JM, Loscalzo J, Stamler JS.”
Background
Effects of antioxidants and NO on TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells
Jiang, M.-Z., Tsukahara, H., Hayakawa, K., Todoroki, Y., Tamura, S., Ohshima, Y., Hiraoka, M., & Mayumi, M. (2004) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2004.10.007 · Cited by 36
Arginine and Nitric Oxide Pathways in Obesity-Associated Asthma
Holguín, F. (2013) · Journal of Allergy · doi:10.1155/2013/714595 · Cited by 34
“These results may be explained on the basis that NO, which is constitutively produced by the airway epithelium, contributes to maintaining adequate airway function; for example, NO has been implicated in ciliary beating, maintaining bronchodilation through the formation of s-nitrosothiol compounds, and in bactericidal…”
Background
Effect of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis
Ratjen, F. A., Gärtig, S., Wiesemann, H. G., & Grasemann, H. (1999) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0954-6111(99)90158-0 · Cited by 33
“In addition, other potentially harmful toxic metabolites such as nitrous acid, nitric acid and peroxynitrite may be formed and retained in respiratory secretion (23).”
Background
Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Nitrite/Nitrate in Active Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
O'DONNELL, D. M., Moynihan, J. B., Finlay, G. A., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9705013 · Cited by 34
“However, in biologic systems, the half-life of NO is between 0.1 and 5 s and the presence of NO at air-aqueous interfaces results in the generation of intermediate nitrogen oxides and the stable end products of NO metabolism, i.e., NO3 2 and NO22 ( 1 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Inhaled and exhaled nitric oxide
Thébaud, B., Arnal, J., Mercier, J., & Dinh‐Xuan, A. T. (1999) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050360 · Cited by 34
“NO also inhibits platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time.”
Background
Lipoxin A4 inhibits cholinergic neurotransmission through nitric oxide generation in the rabbit trachea
Tamaoki, J., Tagaya, E., Yamawaki, I., et al. (1995) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00490-4 · Cited by 34
Off-line sampling of exhaled air for nitric oxide measurement in children: methodological aspects
Jöbsis, Q., Schellekens, S. L., Kroesbergen, A., Hop, W. C. J., & de Jongste, J. C. (2001) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.01.17508980 · Cited by 34
Pulmonary blood flow alters nitric oxide production in patients undergoing device closure of atrial septal defects
Tworetzky, W., Moore, P., Bekker, J. M., Bristow, J. D., Black, S. M., & Fineman, J. R. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00576-8 · Cited by 33
“Within the respiratory tract, all three isoforms of NOS have been found (22,23).”
Background
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by Macrophages in Rat Lung
Liu, H., ANAND, A., Bloch, K. D., Christiani, D. C., & Kradin, R. L. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9609140 · Cited by 33
“IM but not AM from the normal lung were judged to be a source of NO, as judged by (1) the detection of immunoreactive cytoplasmic iNOS protein in IM in the noninflamed germ-free lung and (2) the secretion of NO by IM purified from normal lung in the absence of ex vivo stimulation.”
BackgroundMethod
Nitric oxide and anti-cancer therapy
Sagar, S. M., Singh, G., Hodson, D. I., & Whitton, A. C. (1995) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/0305-7372(95)90025-x · Cited by 34
Glutathione ethyl ester reverses the deleterious effects of fentanyl on ventilation and arterial blood-gas chemistry while prolonging fentanyl-induced analgesia
Jenkins, M. W., Khalid, F., Baby, S. M., May, W. J., Young, A. P., Bates, J. N., Cheng, F., Seckler, J. M., & Lewis, S. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86458-x · Cited by 33
Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Protects Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through NRF2-Mediated Antioxidative Stress
Li, S., Jin, H., Sun, G., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Xu, H., Zhang, D., & Wang, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.634115 · Cited by 36
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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“35 Such paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis has been reported by others 36 37 and we have observed it to be associated with an intense granulomatous reaction (data not shown).”
Background
Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits leukotriene B4 release from rat alveolar macrophages
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Background
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“NO is a free radical and appears to play an important role in the defense against pathogens, and appears to be involved in the tissue damage associated with inflammatory processes (Ialenti et al 1992; Gaston et al 1994; Moilanen and Vapaatalo 1995).”
Background

Authors: Gaston, B., Drazen, J. M., Loscalzo, J., & Stamler, J. S.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Gaston, B
Drazen, J M
Loscalzo, J
Stamler, J S
Venue: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994-02-01
Volume: 149
Issue: 2
Pages: 538-551
ISSN: 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
1535-4970
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323
OpenAlex: W2054510493
Cited by: 918
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 37.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl040411-02, 5p50hl019170-20, 5r01hl043344-04)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43344, HL-40411, HL 19170)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords: nitrogen oxides, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, airway epithelial cells, S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite, nitrosamines, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, nitric oxide inhalation therapy, bronchodilation, host defense, smooth muscle relaxation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Humans, Lung, Lung Diseases, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

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