Cited by 918Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAsthma and respiratory diseasesRedox biology and oxidative stress

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

Gaston, B, Drazen, J M, Loscalzo, J, Stamler, J S·1994·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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Abstract

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), regarded in the past primarily as toxic air pollutants, have recently been shown to be bioactive species formed endogenously in the human lung. The relationship between the toxicities and the bioactivities of NOx must be understood in the context of their chemical interactions in the pulmonary microenvironment. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a newly identified enzyme system active in airway epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, autonomic neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The chemical products of NOS in the lung vary with disease states, and are involved in pulmonary neurotransmission, host defense, and airway and vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Further, certain patients with pulmonary hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome and asthma may experience physiologic improvement with NOx therapy, including inhalation of nitric oxide (NO.) gas. Both endogenous and exogenous NOx react readily with oxygen, superoxide, water, nucleotides, metalloproteins, thiols, amines, and lipids to form products with biochemical actions ranging from bronchodilation and bacteriostasis (S-nitrosothiols) to cytotoxicity and pulmonary capillary leak (peroxynitrite), as well as those with frank mutagenic potential (nitrosamines). Recent discoveries demonstrating the relevance of these species to the lung have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease, and they have opened a new horizon of therapeutic possibilities for pulmonary medicine.

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Items 701–800 of 917

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Nandan, D., Kansal, P., Patharia, N., et al. (2016) · Journal of Laboratory Physicians · doi:10.4103/0974-2727.180788 · Cited by 3
“Various methods used for assessing airway inflammation have been studied including invasive techniques such as bronchoscopic biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination[7‐10] and noninvasive ones such as sputum cytologic analysis,[29,30] eNO[21] and NO metabolites[22,23] in induced sputum.”
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Association of Reactive Nitrogen Species Metabolites, Myeloperoxidase, and Airway Inflammation in Lung Transplants
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“This finding is reportedly related to the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase by the steroid [19] and is also observed in adults [20].”
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Long noncoding RNA PAGBC contributes to nitric oxide (NO) production by sponging miR‐511 in airway hyperresponsiveness upon intubation
Li, L., Li, Y., & He, J. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.27513 · Cited by 3
“While NO is involved in the physiologic control of bronchomotor tonus, it is also implicated in asthma.(36) For example, an elevated concentration of ENO was found in bronchial asthma.”
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Deep inspirations attenuate postprandial airway inflammation in college-aged adults with elevated baseline exhaled nitric oxide: A pilot study
Kurti, S. P., Smith, J. R., Rosenkranz, S. K., et al. (2020) · Experimental Lung Research · doi:10.1080/01902148.2020.1713923 · Cited by 3
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“Since NO is a very reactive chemical compound, a variety of potential reactions could be responsible for the observed decrease of NO in the active heating column [9,10].”
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“…the values of pulmonary NN may be the result of the existence of a complex system of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neural fibers in the lungs of mammals, capable of producing large quantities of NO (Gaston et al. 1994) and, therefore, to masque NO levels arising from malaria in this tissue.”
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Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
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“Besides NO’s effects on the upper airways, NO can also cause vasodilation and bronchodilation, modulating ventilation–perfusion and gas exchange in the lower airways [ 16 ].”
Background
Nitric Oxide
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“A major benefit of working with respiratory tract–based biomarkers, either in exhaled breath or via biochemical analyses of nasal secretions, is the independence from a blood collection in the ED.”
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Sniffing Drones: A Promising Solution for Measuring Railroad Emissions in Urban Environments
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“Further, inhaled nitric oxide may be a relatively selective agent for treatment of pulmonary hypertension, a major cause of right-sided heart failure (Gaston et al. 1994).”
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“NO can combine with superoxide to form the extremely toxic oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO ).(4,5) Other toxic oxidants such as peroxynitrous acid, or species with the reactivity of nitrogen dioxide and the hydroxyl radical, can then be propagated, depending on local conditions.”
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Bombesin-induced contractions of guinea pig lung strips are modulated by endogenous nitric oxide
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“Formation of RS-NO adducts stabilizes NO, decreasing its cytotoxic potential while maintaining its bioactive properties.”
Background
Case study on changes in exhalation of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide in breath and skin gas during 2-day smoking cessation and restart
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“The concentration of nitrogen dioxide, [NO2], was tentatively calculated as [NOx] – [NO], because we considered that other nitrogen oxide species, such as nitrous oxide (N2O), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), are negligibly lower than NO2 in breath [9].”
Method
A demand valve device decreases exhaust nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide by nitric oxide inhalation with a nasal cannula in the human
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CELLULAR EXPRESSION OF RENAL, CARDIAC AND PULMONARY INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN DOUBLE‐TRANSGENIC MICE EXPRESSING HUMAN RENIN AND ANGIOTENSINOGEN GENES
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“Nitric oxide plays an important role in various pulmonary epithelial physiological processes.(39) Some studies have suggested that pulmonary EC are the primary source of expired NO.”
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Original Contribution LIPID PEROXIDATION AND CATALASE ACTIVITIES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH OTHER PULMONARY DISEASES
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L-Arginine Deficiency in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease~!2009-11-25~!2010-03-05~!2010-05-04~!
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“Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in regulation of bronchomotor tone, perfusion, ciliary beating, antimicrobial defense and other aspects of lung biology [2-4].”
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The Effect of Pneumonic Pasteurellosis on Apoptosis and Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Lungs in Calves
Yavuz, O., & Dinçel, G. Ç. (2020) · Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.24925/turjaf.v8i5.1166-1170.3337 · Cited by 1
“All three isoforms are expressed in the lungs in animals (Gaston et al., 1994).”
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Nitric Oxide
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Authors: Gaston, B., Drazen, J. M., Loscalzo, J., & Stamler, J. S.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Gaston, B
Drazen, J M
Loscalzo, J
Stamler, J S
Venue: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994-02-01
Volume: 149
Issue: 2
Pages: 538-551
ISSN: 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
1535-4970
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323
OpenAlex: W2054510493
Cited by: 918
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 37.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl040411-02, 5p50hl019170-20, 5r01hl043344-04)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43344, HL-40411, HL 19170)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords: nitrogen oxides, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, airway epithelial cells, S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite, nitrosamines, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, nitric oxide inhalation therapy, bronchodilation, host defense, smooth muscle relaxation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Humans, Lung, Lung Diseases, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

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