Cited by 918Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsAsthma and respiratory diseasesRedox biology and oxidative stress

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

Gaston, B, Drazen, J M, Loscalzo, J, Stamler, J S·1994·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

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Abstract

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), regarded in the past primarily as toxic air pollutants, have recently been shown to be bioactive species formed endogenously in the human lung. The relationship between the toxicities and the bioactivities of NOx must be understood in the context of their chemical interactions in the pulmonary microenvironment. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a newly identified enzyme system active in airway epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, autonomic neurons, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. The chemical products of NOS in the lung vary with disease states, and are involved in pulmonary neurotransmission, host defense, and airway and vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Further, certain patients with pulmonary hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome and asthma may experience physiologic improvement with NOx therapy, including inhalation of nitric oxide (NO.) gas. Both endogenous and exogenous NOx react readily with oxygen, superoxide, water, nucleotides, metalloproteins, thiols, amines, and lipids to form products with biochemical actions ranging from bronchodilation and bacteriostasis (S-nitrosothiols) to cytotoxicity and pulmonary capillary leak (peroxynitrite), as well as those with frank mutagenic potential (nitrosamines). Recent discoveries demonstrating the relevance of these species to the lung have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary disease, and they have opened a new horizon of therapeutic possibilities for pulmonary medicine.

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Crossref · 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323

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Background
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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Method
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Background
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Background
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Influential
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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Background
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“However, NO has a short half-life (Gaston et al., 1994), and combined with a high affinity to haemoglobin (Ricciardolo, 2003), it has been argued that changes in systemic and/or pulmonary vascular formation of NO are not necessarily detectable in exhaled breath (St Croix et al., 1999).”
Background
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Background
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Background
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“Therefore, a cheap and simple method like NO metabolites (nitrites, nitrates, peroxynitrite and possible l-citrulline) measurements could be a good alternative (32).”
Method
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“Another important factor to be considered is the existence of a complex system of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neural fibres in mammalian lungs capable of producing significant quantities of NO (Gaston et al., 1994) that overcome malaria-derived NO synthesis in this tissue.”
Background
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Background
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“NOx-containing molecules may react with oxygen, superoxides, water, nucleotides, metalloproteins, thiols, amines, and lipids to form products with biochemical actions [2] in the peripheral lung tissue.”
Place de la mesure du NO expiré dans l’asthme
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“Among the mediators released, ROS such as superoxide radicals (O2 d)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (dOH), in addition to NO (Doelman and Bast 1990; Gaston et al. 1994), are important in airway damage.”
Background
Effect of Saiboku-to, an Antiasthmatic Herbal Medicine, on Nitric Oxide Generation from Cultured Canine Airway Epithelial Cells
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“In living organisms, the levels of free radicals and other 'reactive species' are controlled by a complex web of antioxidant defences, which minimize (but do not completely prevent) oxidative damage to biomolecules (Roberfroid and Calderon 1995; Gaston et al. 1994; Halliwell (2005).”
Retracted
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Authors: Gaston, B., Drazen, J. M., Loscalzo, J., & Stamler, J. S.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
ORCID: Gaston, B
Drazen, J M
Loscalzo, J
Stamler, J S
Venue: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994-02-01
Volume: 149
Issue: 2
Pages: 538-551
ISSN: 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
1535-4970
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323
OpenAlex: W2054510493
Cited by: 918
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 37.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hl040411-02, 5p50hl019170-20, 5r01hl043344-04)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43344, HL-40411, HL 19170)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords: nitrogen oxides, nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, airway epithelial cells, S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite, nitrosamines, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, nitric oxide inhalation therapy, bronchodilation, host defense, smooth muscle relaxation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Humans, Lung, Lung Diseases, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide Synthase

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The Biology of Nitrogen Oxides in the Airways

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