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Cited by 486Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ResearchCardiovascular and exercise physiologyNutrition and Health in Aging

Respiratory Muscle Strength in the Elderly. Correlates and Reference Values. Cardiovascular Health Study Research Group

Enright, P L, Kronmal, R A, Manolio, T A, Schenker, M B, Hyatt, R E·1994·American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
DOI 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.8306041
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Abstract

Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was assessed in 4,443 ambulatory participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study, 65 yr of age and older, sampled from four communities. Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was also measured in 790 participants from a single clinic. Positive predictors of MIP included male sex, FVC, handgrip strength, and higher levels of lean body mass (or low bioelectric resistance). Negative predictors were age, current smoking, self-reported fair to poor general health, and waist size. Both participant and technician learning effects were noted, but there was no independent effect of race, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes. A healthy subgroup was identified by excluding current smokers, those with fair to poor general health, or an FEV1 less than 65% of predicted. Mean values determined from the healthy group were 57/116 cm H2O (MIP/MEP) for women, and 83/174 for men. Lower limits of the normal range (fifth percentiles) were 45 to 60% of the mean predicted values. The reference equations derived from this group of healthy 65 to 85-yr-olds may be used by pulmonary function laboratories and respiratory therapists who evaluate the respiratory muscle strength of elderly patients.

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  • Many anatomical and physiological changes seen in COPD, such as airspace dilation resulting from loss of supporting tissue without alveolar wall destruction, have also been described in the similarly aged lungs of nonsmokers, illustrating that the process of aging is a contributing factor for disease progression.

    “Interestingly, many of the anatomical and physiological changes seen in COPD, such as airspace dilation resulting from loss of supporting tissue without alveolar wall destruction, have also been described in the similarly aged lungs of nonsmokers, further illustrating that the process of aging is a contributing factor for disease progression (Figure 2) (7, 10, 16).”

    From Aging and Lung Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Enright, P. L., Kronmal, R. A., Manolio, T. A., Schenker, M. B., & Hyatt, R. E.
Affiliations
Cardiovascular Health Study Coordinating Center, Seattle, Washington 98105
ORCID
Venue
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1994-02-01
Volume
149
Issue
2
Pages
430-438
ISSN
  • 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-4970
DOI
10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.8306041
OpenAlex
W2102332997
Cited by
486
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 29
FWCI
4.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations
  • American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (N01-87081, N01-87079, N01-87080)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
respiratory muscle strength, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, older adults, reference values, grip strength, lean body mass, smoking, health status, waist circumference, learning effects, Cardiovascular Health Study
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Constitution, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Respiratory Function Tests, Respiratory Muscles, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Smoking

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