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Cited by 150Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyRespiratory Support and MechanismsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research

Mechanical Constraints on Exercise Hyperpnea in a Fit Aging Population

Johnson, Bruce D., Reddan, William G., Seow, Khiang C., Dempsey, Jerome A.·1991·American Review of Respiratory Disease
DOI 10.1164/ajrccm/143.5_pt_1.968
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Abstract

We studied 12 physically fit (O2max = 44 ml·kg−1·min−1) older subjects (age = 63 to 77 yr) who showed the usual age-related declines in lung function (i.e., reduced maximal expiratory flow rates, vital capacity and increased functional residual capacity, closing capacity, and residual volume). We measured the optimal transpulmonary pressures for maximal expiratory airflow and the capacity of the muscles of inspiration for developing pleural pressure (taking into account the effects of lung volume and flow rate). Within these mechanical constraints to ventilation we plotted tidal pleural pressure-volume loops for mild through maximal exercise according to a measured end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). We found EELV to decrease a mean of 0.26 ± 0.09 L and maximal effective pleural pressures to be reached in nine subjects near EELV with only light to moderate exercise intensities, whereas peak inspiratory pressure was only 45% of the capacity for pressure generation. With progressive increases in exercise intensity, EELV increased, and pleural pressures encroached to a greater extent on the maximal effective pressures; however, they remained effective in the majority of subjects. During maximal exercise EELV was 0.13 ± 0.10 L greater than resting values, 20% of the Vt reached maximal effective pressures, and 83% of the capacity for inspiratory pressure was achieved. Three subjects significantly surpassed their maximal effective expiratory pressures, and four subjects achieved 95 to 100% of the capacity for inspiratory pressure generation. These subjects also showed no further increase in ventilation while breathing 0.02 to 0.05 Fi CO2 at maximal exercise. We conclude that substantial mechanical limits to expiratory flow and to inspiratory pressure development are commonly incurred in the older, highly fit subject during heavy exercise; however, these limitations only vary rarely lead to an inadequate ventilatory response.

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Crossref · 10.1164/ajrccm/143.5_pt_1.968

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  • Moderate levels of dynamic hyperinflation can be observed in healthy elderly individuals aged >70 years without any pulmonary disease following normal aging of the lung parenchyma.

    “Moderate levels of dynamic hyperinflation can even be observed in healthy elderly individuals aged >70 years without any pulmonary disease following normal aging of the lung parenchyma.50–52”

    From Pathogenesis of hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014) · cites this paper as [52]

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Authors
Johnson, B. D., Reddan, W. G., Seow, K. C., & Dempsey, J. A.
Affiliations
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Review of Respiratory Disease
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1991-05-01
Volume
143
Issue
5_Part_1
Pages
968-977
ISSN
0003-0805 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1164/ajrccm/143.5_pt_1.968
OpenAlex
W1994298282
Cited by
150
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI
8.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations
  • American Review of Respiratory Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
Keywords
exercise hyperpnea, aging, older adults, lung mechanics, end-expiratory lung volume, pleural pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, age-related lung function decline, CO2 rebreathing
MeSH terms
Aged, Aging, Humans, Lung Volume Measurements, Male, Pulmonary Ventilation, Respiratory Muscles, Running, Work of Breathing, Exercise, Respiratory Mechanics, Walking

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