Cardiovascular Mortality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Elderly: Role of Long-Term Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Prospective Observational Study
Abstract
Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in middle-aged subjects, but it is not known whether it is also a risk factor in the elderly. Objectives: To investigate whether OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular death and to assess whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is associated with a change in risk in the elderly. Methods: Prospective, observational study of a consecutive cohort of elderly patients (≥65 yr) studied for suspicion of OSA between 1998 and 2007. Patients with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) less than 15 were the control group. OSA was defined as mild to moderate (AHI, 15–29) or severe (AHI, ≥30). Patients with OSA were classified as CPAP-treated (adherence ≥ 4 h/d) or untreated (adherence < 4 h/d or not prescribed). Participants were monitored until December 2009. The end point was cardiovascular death. A multivariate Cox survival analysis was used to determine the independent impact of OSA and CPAP treatment on cardiovascular mortality. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 939 elderly were studied (median follow-up, 69 mo). Compared with the control group, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality were 2.25 (confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 3.61) for the untreated severe OSA group, 0.93 (CI, 0.46 to 1.89) for the CPAP-treated group, and 1.38 (CI, 0.73 to 2.64) for the untreated mild to moderate OSA group. Conclusions: Severe OSA not treated with CPAP is associated with cardiovascular death in the elderly, and adequate CPAP treatment may reduce this risk.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for ASCVD.
“[Statement]Obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for ASCVD. (Evidence level: E-1b)”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [216]
In prospective observational studies, there is a significant increase in the occurrence of both fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in the group with severe OSA compared to control.
“A comparison between subjects with severe OSA and the control group in prospective observational studies has revealed a significant increase in the occurrence of both fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in the group with severe OSA216, 217).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [216]
Cites
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults
Young, T., Palta, M., Dempsey, J., Skatrud, J., Weber, S., & Badr, S. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199304293281704 · Cited by 10,183 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nowadays there is little doubt that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a public health problem, on account of both its high prevalence in the general population (1) and its association with increased morbidity and mortality in the short term (traffic and workplace accidents) (2, 3) and the long term (arterial hypertensi…”
BackgroundProspective Study of the Association between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension
Peppard, P. E., Young, T., Palta, M., & Skatrud, J. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005113421901 · Cited by 4,973 · see citing works
Marin, J. M., Carrizo, S. J., Vicente, E., & Agusti, A. G. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71141-7 · Cited by 4,678 · see citing works
McNicholas, W. T., Strohl, K. P., White, D. P., Levy, P. A., Schmidt, W., Wheatley, J. R., Redline, S. S., Carley, D. W., Buysse, D. J., Young, T. B., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 3,665 · see citing works
Sleep Disordered Breathing and Mortality: Eighteen-Year Follow-up of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort
(2008) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/31.8.1071 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: The Challenge to Effective Treatment
Weaver, T. E., & Grunstein, R. R. (2008) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200708-119mg · Cited by 1,680 · see citing works
Gottlieb, D. J., Yenokyan, G., Newman, A. B., O'Connor, G. T., Punjabi, N. M., Quan, S. F., Redline, S., Resnick, H. E., Tong, E. K., Diener-West, M., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.901801 · Cited by 1,551 · see citing works
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study
Punjabi, N. M., Caffo, B. S., Goodwin, J. L., Gottlieb, D. J., Newman, A. B., O'Connor, G. T., Rapoport, D. M., Redline, S., Resnick, H. E., Robbins, J. A., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000132 · Cited by 1,482 · see citing works
Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea and Incident Stroke: The Sleep Heart Health Study
Redline, S., Yenokyan, G., Gottlieb, D. J., Shahar, E., O'Connor, G. T., Resnick, H. E., Diener-West, M., Sanders, M. H., Wolf, P. A., Geraghty, E. M., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200911-1746oc · Cited by 1,269 · see citing works
The Association between Sleep Apnea and the Risk of Traffic Accidents
Téran‐Santos, J., Jimenez-Gomez, A., & Cordero-Guevara, J. A. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199903183401104 · Cited by 1,252 · see citing works
Effects of Age on Sleep Apnea in Men: I. Prevalence and Severity
Bixler, E. O., Vgontzas, A. N., Have, T. T., Tyson, K. L., & Kales, A. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9706079 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Sleep Apnea as an Independent Risk Factor for All-Cause Mortality: The Busselton Health Study
(2008) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/31.8.1079 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Preconditioning the human myocardium
Yellon, D. M., Alkhulaifi, A. M., & Pugsley, W. B. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91819-8 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Long-term Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Hypertensive Patients with Sleep Apnea
Barbé, F., Durán-Cantolla, J., Capote, F., de la Peña, M., Chiner, E., Masa, J. F., Gonzalez, M., Marín, J. M., Garcia-Rio, F., de Atauri, J. D., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0050oc · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Self-citationSevere Sleep Apnea and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the Elderly
Muñóz, R., Durán‐Cantolla, J., Martínez‐Vila, E., Gállego, J., Rubio, R., Aizpuru, F., & Torre, G. D. L. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000236560.15735.0f · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citationMortality in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Patients Treated With Positive Airway Pressure
Campos‐Rodríguez, F., Peña-Griñán, N., Reyes-Núñez, N., Morón, I. D. L. C., Pérez‐Ronchel, J., la Vega-Gallardo, F. D., & Fernández-Palacín, A. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.2.624 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Self-citationMartínez-García, M. A., Soler-Cataluña, J. J., Ejarque-Martínez, L., Soriano, Y., Román-Sánchez, P., Illa, F. B., Canal, J. M. M., & Durán-Cantolla, J. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200808-1341oc · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationCampos-Rodriguez, F., Martinez-Garcia, M. A., de la Cruz-Moron, I., Almeida-Gonzalez, C., Catalan-Serra, P., & Montserrat, J. M. (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00006 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationAutomobile Accidents in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome: An Epidemiological and Mechanistic Study
Barbé, F., Pericas, J., Muñoz, A. M., Findley, L. J., Antó, J. M., Agustí, A. G. N., & JOAN, M. D. L. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.1.9709135 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Increasing Sleep Duration for a Healthier (and Less Obese?) Population Tomorrow
Young, T. B. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.593 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
All-cause mortality in males with sleep apnoea syndrome: declining mortality rates with age
Lavie, P., Lavie, L., & Herer, P. (2005) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00051504 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Transient Ischemic Attacks Before Ischemic Stroke: Preconditioning the Human Brain?
Wegener, S., Gottschalk, B., Jovanovic, V., et al. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000115767.17923.6a · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Chiner, E., Arriero, J. M., Signes‐Costa, J., Marco, J., & Fuentes, I. (1999) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30037-5 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Mehra, R., Stone, K. L., Varosy, P. D., Hoffman, A. R., Marcus, G. M., Blackwell, T., Ibrahim, O. A., Salem, R., & Redline, S. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.138 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Durán-Cantolla, J., Aizpuru, F., Montserrat, J. M., Ballester, E., Téran‐Santos, J., Aguirregomoscorta, J. I., González, M., Lloberes, P., Masa, J. F., de la Peña, M., et al. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c5991 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationInterindividual Heterogeneity in the Hypoxic Regulation of VEGF
Schultz, A., Lavie, L., Hochberg, I., Beyar, R., Stone, T., Skorecki, K. L., Lavie, P., Roguin, A., & Levy, A. P. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.5.547 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Morbidity, Mortality and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Community Dwelling Elderly
Ancoli‐Israel, S., Kripke, D. F., Klauber, M. R., Fell, R. L., Stepnowsky, C. J., Estline, E., Khazeni, N., & Chinn, A. (1996) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/19.4.277 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Marshall, N. S., Yee, B. J., Desai, A. V., Buchanan, P. R., Wong, K. K., Crompton, R., Melehan, K. L., Zack, N., Rao, S. G., Gendreau, R. M., et al. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.6.824 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Martínez‐García, M. Á., Galiano-Blancart, R., Román-Sánchez, P., Soler‐Cataluña, J. J., Cabero-Salt, L., & Salcedo-Mahiques, E. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.4.2123 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationUnexpected survival advantage in elderly people with moderate sleep apnoea
Lavie, P., & Lavie, L. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00754.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Sleep apnea and mortality in an aged cohort.
Bliwise, D. L., Bliwise, N. G., Partinen, M., Pursley, A. M., & Dement, W. C. (1988) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.78.5.544 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Lavie, L., Kraiczi, H., Hefetz, A., Ghandour, H., Perelman, A., Hedner, J. A., & Lavie, P. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.20110-040oc · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Lavie, L., & Lavie, P. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.10.033 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Occurrence of Coronary Collateral Vessels in Patients With Sleep Apnea and Total Coronary Occlusion
Steiner, S., Schueller, P. O., Schulze, V. T., & Strauer, B. E. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.09-1136 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Tratamiento del síndrome de las apneas-hipoapneas durante el sueño
Montserrat, J. M., Amilibia, J., Barbé, F., Capote, F., Duran, J., Mangado, N. G., Jiménez, A., Marín, J. M., Masa, F., & Terán, J. (1998) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30454-3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationPositive Pressure Therapy: A Perspective on Evidence-based Outcomes and Methods of Application
Sanders, M. H., Montserrat, J. M., Farré, R., & Givelber, R. J. (2008) · Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/pats.200709-150mg · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationHoenig, M., Bianchi, C., Rosenzweig, A., et al. (2008) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/156652408786733685 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gugger, M. (1997) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.97.10030587 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Angiogenesis in old-aged subjects after ischemic stroke: a cautionary note for investigators
Petcu, E. B., Smith, R. A., Miroiu, R. I., & Opriş, M. (2010) · Vascular Cell · doi:10.1186/2040-2384-2-26 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and 24-Hour Blood Pressure Pattern Among Older Adults
Endeshaw, Y. W., White, W. B., Kutner, M., Ouslander, J. G., & Bliwise, D. L. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gln011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Coronary Collateral Circulation in Sleep Apnea
Lavie, L., & Lavie, P. (2010) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.09-2657 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Ors, G. M. (1967) · El Ciervo: revista mensual de pensamiento y cultura · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Apnea del sueño en individuos de edad avanzada. Actividad asistencial (2002–2008) en España
Martínez‐García, M. Á., Amilibia, J., Chiner, E., et al. (2010) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2010.06.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationEditing theERJ: an observational study
Rabe, K. F., & Sterk, P. J. (2005) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.06.00134205 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Riesgo cardiovascular en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño
Ordaz, O. P. (2005) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/s0300-2896(05)70765-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Martínez‐García, M. Á., Campos‐Rodríguez, F., Catalán, P., et al. (2011) · doi:10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1058 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Metrics of sleep apnea severity: beyond the apnea-hypopnea index
Malhotra, A., Ayappa, I., Ayas, N., Collop, N., Kirsch, D., Mcardle, N., Mehra, R., Pack, A. I., Punjabi, N., White, D. P., et al. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab030 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea: A definition, examples and evolution of approaches
Zinchuk, A. V., Gentry, M. J., Concato, J., & Yaggi, H. K. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.10.002 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Chang, J. L., Goldberg, A. N., Alt, J. A., Mohammed, A., Ashbrook, L., Auckley, D., Ayappa, I., Bakhtiar, H., Barrera, J. E., Bartley, B. L., et al. (2023) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.23079 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Dong, J.-Y., Zhang, Y.-H., & Qin, L.-Q. (2013) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.026 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Hypertension and sleep: Overview of a tight relationship
Pepin, J.-L., Borel, A.-L., Tamisier, R., Baguet, J.-P., Levy, P., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.003 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
Gonzaga, C., Bertolami, A., Bertolami, M., Amodeo, C., & Calhoun, D. (2015) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.15 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An Enigmatic Risk Factor
Floras, J. S. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.310783 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Fu, Y., Xia, Y., Yi, H., Xu, H., Guan, J., & Yin, S. (2017) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-016-1393-1 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Camacho, M., Riaz, M., Capasso, R., Ruoff, C. M., Guilleminault, C., Kushida, C. A., & Certal, V. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4414 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
EAN/ERS/ESO/ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke
Bassetti, C. L. A., Randerath, W., Vignatelli, L., Ferini-Strambi, L., Brill, A.-K., Bonsignore, M. R., Grote, L., Jennum, P., Leys, D., Minnerup, J., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01104-2019 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Drager, L. F., Polotsky, V. Y., O'Donnell, C. P., Cravo, S. L., Lorenzi-Filho, G., & Machado, B. H. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2015 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality?
Ge, X., Han, F., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yang, T., Bai, C., & Guo, X. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069432 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of prospective studies
Li, M., Hou, W.-S., Zhang, X.-W., & Tang, Z.-Y. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.230 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Schein, A. S. O., Kerkhoff, A. C., Coronel, C. C., Plentz, R. D. M., & Sbruzzi, G. (2014) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000000250 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Adherence to Positive Airway Therapy After Switching From CPAP to ASV: A Big Data Analysis
Pépin, J.-L. D., Woehrle, H., Liu, D., Shao, S., Armitstead, J. P., Cistulli, P. A., Benjafield, A. V., & Malhotra, A. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6880 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Guerrero, A., Embid, C., Isetta, V., Farre, R., Duran-Cantolla, J., Parra, O., Barbé, F., Montserrat, J. M., & Masa, J. F. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.3932 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationFeinsilver, S. H., & Hernandez, A. B. (2017) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2017.06.009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
McNicholas, W. T. (2019) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1575204 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Upper Airway Stimulation Response in Older Adults with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Withrow, K., Evans, S., Harwick, J., Kezirian, E., Strollo, P., & ADHERE Registry Investigators (2019) · Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599819848709 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cerebrovascular disease
Wu, Z., Chen, F., Yu, F., Wang, Y., & Guo, Z. (2018) · Sleep and Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-017-1604-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lisan, Q., Van Sloten, T., Marques Vidal, P., Haba Rubio, J., Heinzer, R., & Empana, J. P. (2019) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.0281 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Campos-Rodriguez, F., Martínez-García, M. A., Reyes-Nuñez, N., Selma-Ferrer, M. J., Punjabi, N. M., & Farre, R. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.020 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationWestlake, K., Dostalova, V., Plihalova, A., Pretl, M., & Polak, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00714 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
PAP and Cardiovascular Events in Adults With Sleep Apnea: Is PAP Useful?
Mansukhani, M. P., Somers, V. K., & Shafazand, S. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6858 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Martínez-García, M.-A., Campos-Rodríguez, F., Catalán-Serra, P., Soler-Cataluña, J.-J., Almeida-Gonzalez, C., De la Cruz Morón, I., Durán-Cantolla, J., & Montserrat, J.-M.
- Affiliations
- Pneumology Service, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Pneumology Department and
- Pneumology Unit, Requena General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Biostatistics and Investigation Unit, Valme University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (ES)
- Venue
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-11-01
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 909-916
- ISSN
- 1073-449X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-4970
- OpenAlex
- W2150116734
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 19.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Apelin-related biomedical research
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular mortality, continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP adherence, older adults, apnea-hypopnea index, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Spain, Proportional Hazards Models, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
