The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human recombinant apolipoprotein E redirects lipopolysaccharide from Kupffer cells to liver parenchymal cells in rats In vivo.
Open accessAbstract
Chylomicrons have been shown to protect mice and rats against a lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide and may serve as a therapeutic means to protect against endotoxemia. However, the requisite of isolation from human lymph hampers pharmaceutical application. Recently, we developed recombinant chylomicrons from commercially available lipids and human recombinant apolipoprotein E. The current study explored the effectiveness of these apoE-enriched emulsions in redirecting LPS from Kupffer cells to liver parenchymal cells. Upon injection into rats, 125I-LPS rapidly and specifically associated with the liver (64.3+/-3.1% of the injected dose) and spleen (4.1+/-0.7%). The uptake of LPS by the spleen was four- to fivefold reduced upon incubation with the apoE-enriched emulsion or free apoE (P < 0.0001), but not with emulsion alone or Lipofundin. Within the liver, 125I-LPS mainly associated with Kupffer cells. The uptake by Kupffer cells was eight- to ninefold reduced by the apoE-enriched emulsion or apoE alone (P < 0.01), and a 19.6-fold increased uptake ratio by liver parenchymal cells over Kupffer cells was observed. The emulsion without apoE had no effect on the in vivo kinetics of LPS. LPS interacted selectively with the apoE moiety of the recombinant chylomicron. Emulsion-associated and free apoE bound approximately two molecules of LPS, possibly by its exposed hydrophilic domain involving arginine residues. We anticipate that the protecting effect of endogenous chylomicrons against LPS-induced endotoxemia may result from the apoE moiety and that human recombinant apoE may serve as a therapeuticum to protect against endotoxemia.
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In the citing paper
“apoE was involved in the direct binding of lipopolysaccharide, the main toxic component of gram-negative bacteria [ 36], thereby decreasing the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide [ 37].”
From ApoE Plasma Levels and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Old Age (2006) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Endotoxin binds directly to APOE”
From The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Thus, there is a clear and direct link between APOE variants and endotoxin.”
From The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration (2019) · cites this paper as [81]
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Cites
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Palusińska‐Szysz, M., Zdybicka‐Barabas, A., Cytryńska, M., Wdowiak‐Wróbel, S., Chmiel, E., & Gruszecki, W. I. (2014) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1111/2049-632x.12214 · Cited by 4
Human Apolipoprotein E concentration in response to diseases and therapeutic treatments
Siest, G., Zaiou, M., & Visvikis‐Siest, S. (2002) · Drug Development Research · doi:10.1002/ddr.10065 · Cited by 5
A study into genes encoding longevity in humans
Kuningas, M. (2007) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University)
Fatty Acids, Lipoproteins, and Lipid Emulsions
Carpentier, Y., & Dupont, I. E. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57119-0_4
[Dyslipidemia in the critically ill patient].
Carrillo-Esper, R., & Carvajal-Ramos, R. (2005) · PubMed
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ApoE and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity
de Azevedo, O. G. R., Brito, G. A. D. C., Warren, C. A., & Oriá, R. B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52641-1_17-1
Shimizu, R., Akahane, S., Suzuki, H., Matsuura, H., Uematsu, Y., Iimura, W., Ishimine, N., & Yamauchi, K. (2026) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102634
Metabolic endotoxemia in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Li, C., Jiang, W., & Lu, M. (2026) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2026130
Metadata
- Authors
- Rensen, P. C., Oosten, M., Bilt, E., Eck, M., Kuiper, J., & Berkel, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1997-05-15
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2438-2445
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC508084
- OpenAlex
- W2044756436
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein E, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxemia, Kupffer cells, liver parenchymal cells, spleen, arginine residues
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Drug Combinations, Emulsions, Humans, Iodine Radioisotopes, Kupffer Cells, Lipopolysaccharides, Liver, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Phospholipids, Recombinant Proteins, Sorbitol, Spleen, Tissue Distribution, Rats, Wistar, Mice, Rats
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