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Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.
Open accessAbstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Most strokes are caused by occlusion of a major cerebral artery, and substantial advances have been made in elucidating how ischemia damages the brain. In particular, increasing evidence points to a double-edged role of the immune system in stroke pathophysiology. In the acute phase, innate immune cells invade brain and meninges and contribute to ischemic damage, but may also be protective. At the same time, danger signals released into the circulation by damaged brain cells lead to activation of systemic immunity, followed by profound immunodepression that promotes life-threatening infections. In the chronic phase, antigen presentation initiates an adaptive immune response targeted to the brain, which may underlie neuropsychiatric sequelae, a considerable cause of poststroke morbidity. Here, we briefly review these pathogenic processes and assess the potential therapeutic value of targeting immunity in human stroke.
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“numerous studies show that meningeal immune cells play an important role in the brain injury response”
From Living on the Edge of the CNS: Meninges Cell Diversity in Health and Disease (2021) · cites this paper as Iadecola et al., 2020
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Metadata
- Authors
- Iadecola, C., Buckwalter, M. S., & Anrather, J.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iadecola, Costantino
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 2020-05-11
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2777-2788
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-8238
- PMC
- PMC7260029
- OpenAlex
- W3022448963
- Cited by
- 853
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (19PABHI34580007)
- National Institutes of Health (NS34179, R01-NS34179)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034179, R01NS081179, R01NS094507)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Keywords
- stroke, immune response, ischemic stroke, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, neuroinflammation, secondary infection, antigen presentation, neuropsychiatric sequelae, immunomodulatory therapy, cerebral ischemia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Ischemia, Humans, Inflammation, Stroke, Adaptive Immunity
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