Cited by 857Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAcute Ischemic Stroke ManagementIntracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research

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Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.

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Iadecola, Costantino, Buckwalter, Marion S., Anrather, Josef·2020·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci135530PMC PMC7260029

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Abstract

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of disability. Most strokes are caused by occlusion of a major cerebral artery, and substantial advances have been made in elucidating how ischemia damages the brain. In particular, increasing evidence points to a double-edged role of the immune system in stroke pathophysiology. In the acute phase, innate immune cells invade brain and meninges and contribute to ischemic damage, but may also be protective. At the same time, danger signals released into the circulation by damaged brain cells lead to activation of systemic immunity, followed by profound immunodepression that promotes life-threatening infections. In the chronic phase, antigen presentation initiates an adaptive immune response targeted to the brain, which may underlie neuropsychiatric sequelae, a considerable cause of poststroke morbidity. Here, we briefly review these pathogenic processes and assess the potential therapeutic value of targeting immunity in human stroke.

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Authors: Iadecola, C., Buckwalter, M. S., & Anrather, J.
Affiliations: Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Iadecola, Costantino
ORCID: Iadecola, Costantino
Buckwalter, Marion S.
Anrather, Josef
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2020-05-11
Volume: 130
Issue: 6
Pages: 2777-2788
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
1558-8238
DOI: 10.1172/jci135530
PMC: PMC7260029
OpenAlex: W3022448963
Cited by: 853
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 151 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 10
FWCI: 8.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Heart Association (19PABHI34580007)
National Institutes of Health (NS34179, R01-NS34179)
College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS034179, R01NS081179, R01NS094507)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Keywords: stroke, immune response, ischemic stroke, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, neuroinflammation, secondary infection, antigen presentation, neuropsychiatric sequelae, immunomodulatory therapy, cerebral ischemia
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Ischemia, Humans, Inflammation, Stroke, Adaptive Immunity

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Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.

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