Cited by 160Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipid metabolism and disordersLipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health

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Atherogenic remnant lipoproteins: role for proteoglycans in trapping, transferring, and internalizing

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Mahley, Robert W., Huang, Yadong·2007·Journal of Clinical Investigation

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Abstract

Unraveling the mechanisms controlling remnant lipoprotein clearance is important, as these lipoproteins are highly atherogenic. The most critical molecule in this process is apoE, which mediates high-affinity binding of remnant lipoproteins to members of the LDL receptor (LDLR) family and cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which have been shown to play major independent as well as cooperative roles in remnant lipoprotein clearance. While all the players may have been identified, our understanding of how they interact and function together continues to evolve. In this issue of the JCI, MacArthur et al. (see the related article beginning on page 153) demonstrated that HSPGs under normal physiological conditions are critically important in the clearance of remnant lipoproteins, independent of LDLR family members. The complexity of VLDL and chylomicron remnant clearance was exemplified by the studies of Jones et al., also in this issue (see the related article beginning on page 165). Despite defective clearance of LDL in mice with a deficiency in the adaptor protein controlling internalization of the LDLR, called autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), remnant lipoprotein clearance was not grossly abnormal. A likely explanation is that the abnormal LDLRs bind the remnants and then transfer them to another acceptor for internalization. While the studies clearly demonstrate that the LDLR-related protein 1 is not involved and suggest a role for an additional unidentified receptor, it remains a possibility that HSPGs are responsible for remnant uptake by hepatocytes in the presence of defective LDLR internalization.

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Self-citation

Authors: Mahley, R. W., & Huang, Y.
Affiliations: Gladstone Institutes (US)
Corresponding author: Mahley, Robert W.
ORCID: Mahley, Robert W.
Huang, Yadong
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2007-01-02
Volume: 117
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-5
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci30889
PMC: PMC1716223
OpenAlex: W2047465218
Cited by: 159
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 12.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Keywords: remnant lipoproteins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, lipoprotein clearance, apolipoprotein E, LDL receptor, VLDL remnants, chylomicron remnants, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, hepatocyte uptake, atherosclerosis
MeSH terms: Biological Transport, Humans, Lipoproteins, Liver, Models, Biological, Proteoglycans, Receptors, LDL, Triglycerides, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, Atherosclerosis

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Atherogenic remnant lipoproteins: role for proteoglycans in trapping, transferring, and internalizing

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