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Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism
Abstract
Purpose of review Clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants by the liver is a key step in preventing hypertriglyceridemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We review recent genetic evidence that heparan sulfate proteoglycans work in concert with the LDL receptor in the liver to facilitate binding and clearance of both triglyceride and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation. Recent findings Partial reduction of sulfation of liver heparan sulfate using the Cre-loxP system caused accumulation of hepatic and dietary triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles due to delayed clearance. Compounding the mutation with LDL receptor deficiency caused enhanced accumulation of both cholesterol and triglyceride-rich particles compared with mice lacking only LDL receptors. These findings provide the first genetic evidence that hepatic heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a central role in the clearance of lipoproteins by the liver and work independently of LDL receptors. Summary A role for hepatocyte heparan sulfate in lipoprotein metabolism has now been genetically established in mice. Given this finding, mild, but clinically relevant, hyperlipidemias in human patients may be a result of alterations in heparan sulfate structure or possible genetic polymorphisms in the relevant biosynthetic genes.
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TRLs arising from LPL-mediated lipolysis are cleared by multiple hepatic receptors, including LDLR, LRP1, and syndecan-1 (SDC).
“TRLs arising from LPL-mediated lipolysis are cleared by multiple hepatic receptors, including LDL receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1), and syndecan-1 (SDC), the predominant hepatic heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) (Bishop et al., 2008; Foley et al., 2013; MacArthur et al., 2007; Stanford et al., 2009).”
From γ-secretase inhibition lowers plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by stabilizing the LDL receptor (2018) · cites this paper as Bishop et al., 2008
In mice, diminished sulfation of heparan sulfate in hepatocytes alters hepatic lipoprotein clearance via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and can cause accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
“In mice, accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can occur if sulfation of heparan sulfate in hepatocytes is diminished, as this alters hepatic lipoprotein clearance via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs).”
From Syndecan-1 is the primary heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediating hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice (2009) · cites this paper as [10]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bishop, J. R., Stanford, K. I., & Esko, J. D.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 307-313
- ISSN
- 0957-9672
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 13
- Language
- en
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