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Protein–protein interaction in insulin signaling and the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance
Open accessAbstract
Perspective Figure 1 Schematic illustration of major signaling pathways of insulin action.The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream signaling proteins.PI3-kinase is critical for metabolic actions of insulin, such as glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis, whereas Grb-2/SOS complex, which activates the MAP kinase cascade, is critical in mitogenic response.PI3-kinase probably modulates the mitogenic response as well.This series continues from the March 1999, no.6, issue.
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“Inhibitors of PI3K impair glucose transport and block the activation of glycogen synthase and hexokinase- (HK-) II expression [138–146]”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [143]
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“The phosphorylated tyrosine residues of IRS-1 mediate an association with the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to activation of the enzyme [138–140, 143, 144].”
From Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle (2010) · cites this paper as [143]
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Visfatin Is a Positive Regulator of MCP‐1 in Human Adipocytes In Vitro and in Mice In Vivo
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Impact of body weight, diet and lifestyle on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
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“1).(7,8) Two extracellular subunits work together to bind one insulin molecule,(9) and this causes a conformational change in the transmembrane subunits.”
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“All these pathways increase oxidative stress and block the insulin signal transduction system.(4,39) During diabetes, the excess glucose present in the blood reacts”
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Sensing the insulin signaling pathway with an antibody array
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“For the majority of proteins targeted by insulin for which phosphorylation has been reported [1, 2, 18], we found similar increase in the inducible phosphorylated form for key effectors involved in the pleiotropic actions of insulin.”
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Attenuation of insulin resistance in rats by agmatine: role of SREBP-1c, mTOR and GLUT-2
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Review article Insulin resistance and its consequences in chronic hepatitis C
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“Additionally, the above-mentioned mechanisms interrupting insulin signaling may be provoked by some acquired factors encompassing hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, circu lating free fatty acids, high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and adipokines [38,39].”
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“It has been proposed that the phosphorylation of the serine prevents the association between IRS-1 and the insulin receptor leading to a decrease in IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation [33].”
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“The tyrosine phosphorylation of the substrates then triggers the formation of different signaling complexes based on protein–protein interactions [Virkamaki et al., 1999].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Virkamäki, A., Ueki, K., & Kahn, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kahn, C. Ronald
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1999-04-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 931-943
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC408269
- OpenAlex
- W2095252238
- Cited by
- 854
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- National Institutes of Health (DK31036)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R37DK031036, DK 33201, R01DK031036, DK45935, DK31036, R01DK045935, R01DK033201)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- insulin signaling, insulin resistance, protein-protein interaction, insulin receptor, Shc, PI3-kinase, MAP kinase cascade, glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, mitogen response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Receptor, Insulin, Signal Transduction, Gene Targeting, src Homology Domains, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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