A potential role of activated NF-κB in the pathogenesis of euthyroid sick syndrome

Nagaya, Takashi; Fujieda, Miyuki; Otsuka, Goro; Yang, Jian-Ping; Okamoto, Takashi; Seo, Hisao

doi:10.1172/jci7771

Cited by 107Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsNF-κB Signaling PathwaysAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

A potential role of activated NF-κB in the pathogenesis of euthyroid sick syndrome

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Nagaya, Takashi, Fujieda, Miyuki, Otsuka, Goro, Yang, Jian-Ping, Okamoto, Takashi, Seo, Hisao·2000·Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI 10.1172/jci7771PMC PMC314321

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Abstract

Euthyroid sick syndrome, characterized by low serum 3,5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) with normal L-thyroxine levels, is associated with a wide variety of disorders including sepsis, malignancy, and AIDS. The degree of low T(3) in circulation has been shown to correlate with the severity of the underlying disorders and with the prognosis. Elevated TNF-alpha levels, which accompany severe illness, are associated with decreased activity of type I 5'-deiodinase (5'-DI) in liver, leading us to speculate that high levels of this factor contribute to euthyroid sick syndrome. Here we demonstrate that the activation of NF-kappa B by TNF-alpha interferes with thyroid-hormone action as demonstrated by impairment of T(3)-dependent induction of 5'-DI gene expression in HepG2 cells. Inhibition of NF-kappa B action by a dominant-negative NF-kappa B reversed this effect and allowed T(3) induction of 5'-DI. Furthermore, we show that an inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation, clarithromycin (CAM), can inhibit TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B and restore T(3)-dependent induction of 5'-DI mRNA and enzyme activity. These results suggest that NF-kappa B activation by TNF-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis of euthyroid sick syndrome and that CAM could help prevent a decrease in serum T(3) levels and thus ameliorate euthyroid sick syndrome.

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While serum T3 levels may decline by 30% and remain within the normal range, tissue T3 may decline by 70-80%, resulting in profound cellular hypothyroidism with normal serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels.
“While serum T3 levels may decline by 30%, which is significant, but still within the so-called “normal range”, tissue T3 may decline by 70–80%, resulting in profound cellular hypothyroidism with normal serum TSH, FT4, and FT3 levels”
From Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report (2017) · cites this paper as [34]
TSH may be a poor indicator of peripheral thyroid levels in conditions such as chronic stress, chronic illness, diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, leptin resistance, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, premenstrual syndrome, and dieting or weight gain.
“As a result, TSH may be a poor indicator of peripheral thyroid levels in the presence of such conditions.”
From Diagnosis and management of treatment-refractory hypothyroidism: an expert consensus report (2017) · cites this paper as [34]

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Self-citation

Authors: Nagaya, T., Fujieda, M., Otsuka, G., Yang, J.-P., Okamoto, T., & Seo, H.
Affiliations: Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University (JP)
Nagoya City University (JP)
Corresponding author: Nagaya, Takashi
ORCID: Okamoto, Takashi
Venue: Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published: 2000-08-01
Volume: 106
Issue: 3
Pages: 393-402
ISSN: 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1172/jci7771
PMC: PMC314321
OpenAlex: W2141375310
Cited by: 107
References: 57
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: low T3 syndrome, NF-κB activation, TNF-α, triiodothyronine, thyroid hormone action, clarithromycin, HepG2 cells, sepsis, hypothyroidism
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cell Line, Euthyroid Sick Syndromes, Humans, Iodide Peroxidase, Liver, Receptors, Thyroid Hormone, Recombinant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Triiodothyronine, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, NF-kappa B, Clarithromycin

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A potential role of activated NF-κB in the pathogenesis of euthyroid sick syndrome

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