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Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients
Abstract
The prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients (N = 277) was significantly higher than among either local or national population-based samples (N = 1,440 and 17,000) (52% versus 30% and 33%). The higher prevalence was not associated with the age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, alcohol use, coffee use, or institutionalization of the psychiatric patients. Smoking was especially prevalent among patients with schizophrenia (88%) or mania (70%) and among the more severely ill patients. Hypotheses about why psychiatric patients are more likely to smoke and why they do not have a high rate of smoking-induced illnesses are presented.
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“Second, tobacco dependence is highly prevalent in MDD populations (7) and MDD patients have a higher prevalence of smokers (8–10).”
From Persistent β 2 *-Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptor Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hughes, J. R., Hatsukami, D. K., Mitchell, J. E., & Dahlgren, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1986-08-01
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 993-997
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W152718690
- Cited by
- 1,058
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 8.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-03728, DA 02988, DA-04066)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- smoking prevalence, psychiatric outpatients, schizophrenia, mania, disease severity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, smoking-related diseases
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adult, Ambulatory Care, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Schizophrenic Psychology, Smoking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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