Cited by 206Vestibular and auditory disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

Panic, agoraphobia, and vestibular dysfunction

Rolf G. Jacob, J. M. R. Furman, John D. Durrant, S. Turner·1996·American Journal of Psychiatry

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Otoneurological abnormalities have been reported in panic disorder. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of such findings in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia and to discern whether vestibular dysfunction was associated with specific symptoms. METHOD: Clinical audiological and vestibular tests were administered to 30 patients with uncomplicated panic disorder (without agoraphobia or with only mild agoraphobia), 29 patients with panic disorder with moderate to severe agoraphobia, 27 patients with anxiety but no history of panic attacks, 13 patients with depressive disorders but no history of anxiety or panic attacks, and 45 normal comparison subjects. Evaluators were blind to subjects' diagnostic group. Quantitative measures of subjects' discomfort with space and motion and of the frequency of certain symptoms between and during panic attacks were obtained. Anxiety state levels were measured during the vestibular tests. RESULTS: Vestibular abnormalities were common in all the groups but most prevalent in the patients with panic disorder with moderate to severe agoraphobia. Vestibular dysfunction was associated with space and motion discomfort and with frequency of vestibular symptoms between, but not during, panic attacks. There were no major differences between the two panic groups in anxiety levels during vestibular testing. There were no significant differences between groups on the audiological component of the test battery. Exploratory data analysis indicated that the constellation of vestibular tests most specific for agoraphobia was one indicating compensated peripheral vestibular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical vestibular dysfunction, as identified by clinical tests, may contribute to the phenomenology of panic disorder, particularly to the development of agoraphobia in panic disorder patients.

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Crossref · 10.1176/ajp.153.4.503

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Authors
Jacob, R. G., Furman, J. M. R., Durrant, J. D., & Turner, S.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Venue
American Journal of Psychiatry
Published
1996-04-01
Volume
153
Issue
4
Pages
503-512
ISSN
  • 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-7228
OpenAlex
W65306380
Cited by
206
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
panic disorder, agoraphobia, vestibular dysfunction, peripheral vestibular dysfunction, vestibular compensation, anxiety states, vestibular symptoms
MeSH terms
Adult, Agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, Caloric Tests, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Vestibular Function Tests, Vestibular Diseases, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Panic Disorder

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