The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stressful Life Events and Previous Episodes in the Etiology of Major Depression in Women: An Evaluation of the “Kindling” Hypothesis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although previous evidence has suggested that the etiologic role of stressful life events in major depression is reduced in recurrent versus first-onset cases, this question deserves reexamination because of potential methodological limitations of the previous studies. METHOD: Members of female-female twin pairs from a population-based registry (N=2,395), who were interviewed four times over a period of 9 years, formed a study group that contained 97,515 person-months and 1,380 onsets of major depression. Discrete-time survival, proportional hazards model, and piece-wise regression analyses were used to examine the interaction between life event exposure and number of previous depressive episodes in the prediction of episodes of major depression. RESULTS: For those with zero to nine previous depressive episodes, the depressogenic effect of stressful life events declined substantially with increasing episode number. However, the association between stressful life events and major depression was not substantially influenced by additional episodes. This pattern of results was robust to the addition of indices of event severity, measures of genetic risk, and restriction to independent stressful life events. The same pattern was also seen upon examining within-person changes in number of episodes. CONCLUSIONS: The association between previous number of depressive episodes and the pathogenic impact of stressful life events on major depression is likely causal and biphasic. Through approximately nine episodes, the association between stressful life event exposure and risk of major depression progressively declines but is largely unchanged with further episodes. These results are consistent with the kindling hypothesis but suggest a threshold at which the mind/brain is no longer additionally sensitized to the depressive state.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A more liberal estimate, which includes any type of preonset major life event, raises the risk estimate several fold to an odds ratio of 9.38 for a first lifetime episode of MDD”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Kendler, Thornton, & Gardner, 2000
In the citing paper
“Many of the factors reported on here appear to have robust properties as predictors of relapse or recurrence risk independent of medication discontinuation: number of previous episodes (Berlanga et al. 1999; Kendler et al. 2000; Burcusa & Iacono, 2007; Hardeveld et al. 2010), residual symptoms (Hardeveld et al. 2010; Nierenberg et al. 2010) and other factors all robustly increase the risk of rela”
From Predicting relapse after antidepressant withdrawal – a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as Kendler et al. 2000
In the citing paper
“Moreover, in psychiatry depression is conceptualized as heterogeneous, multifactorial in causation, and it is believed to arise from the cumulative effects [56–58] of genetics [59–62], adverse events in childhood [63–66], and ongoing life stressors [67–70].”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“The course of MDD shows a worsening pattern, with each episode occurring sooner, increasing in severity and becoming more resistant to effective treatments.10”
In the citing paper
“These results are consistent with the substantial literature on the “kindling hypothesis” for MD in which, over episodes, MD becomes more autonomous and less associated with prior stressors”
From The development of an environmental risk score using Swedish National Registers and its impact on subsequent episodes of major depression (2025) · cites this paper as Kendler, Thornton, & Gardner, 2000
In the citing paper
“research suggests that in many individuals, depressive episodes show a worsening pattern over the course of repeated episodes, characterised by increased severity, frequency, autonomy (i.e. episodes are less clearly precipitated by psychosocial stress) and lack of responsiveness to initially effective treatments (Kendler 2000; Post 1992).”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Kendler 2000
In the citing paper
“There is compelling evidence that intervention in this early stage may prevent the development of cognitive factors associated with recurrent episodes (Kendler 2000; Lewinsohn 1999; Ma 2004).”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Kendler 2000
In the citing paper
“Moreover, there is commonly a dose-response relationship between the number of types of adversity associated and the magnitude of the risk for depression.4-11”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“A higher number of previous episodes (Berwian, Walter, Seifritz, & Huys, 2017; Kendler, Thornton, & Gardner, 2000), more residual symptoms (Berwian et al., 2017; Nierenberg et al., 2010), and failure to reach remission after acute antidepressant treatment (APA, 2010; Rush et al., 2006) are associated with a greater risk of relapse”
From Relapse prevention with levomilnacipran ER in adults with major depressive disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2019) · cites this paper as Kendler, Thornton, & Gardner, 2000
Citations
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
Applied Linear Statistical Models
Kutner, M., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (1997) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1997.10485141 · Cited by 7,186
Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women.
Schnitzer, P. K., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1980) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2065631 · Cited by 3,053
Survival analysis using the SAS system : a practical guide
Allison, P. D. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,402
THE EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS ON DEPRESSION
Kessler, R. C. (1997) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.191 · Cited by 2,111
Discrete-Time Methods for the Analysis of Event Histories
Allison, P. D. (1982) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.2307/270718 · Cited by 2,080
Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.8.999 · Cited by 1,848
Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia.
(1921) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1921.02630330070026 · Cited by 1,612
Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa.
Fleiss, J. L., Cohen, J., & Everitt, B. S. (1969) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0028106 · Cited by 1,536
Stressful life events, genetic liability, and onset of an episode of major depression in women
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.6.833 · Cited by 1,063
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 719
Depression in Childhood and Adolescence
Chess, S., Thomas, A., & Hassibi, M. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318259a93d · Cited by 165
Williams, J. M. G., Van der Does, A. J. W., Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., & Segal, Z. S. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9105-y · Cited by 158
Ravindran, A. V., Matheson, K., Griffiths, J., Merali, Z., & Anisman, H. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00389-5 · Cited by 156
Transition from stress sensitivity to a depressive state: longitudinal twin study
Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Jacobs, N., Kenis, G., Peeters, F., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056853 · Cited by 151
Neural Processing of Reward and Punishment in Young People at Increased Familial Risk of Depression
McCabe, C., Woffindale, C., Harmer, C. J., & Cowen, P. J. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.034 · Cited by 155
Wager‐Smith, K., & Markou, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.09.010 · Cited by 153
The stress sensitization hypothesis: Understanding the course of bipolar disorder
Dienes, K., Hammen, C. L., Henry, R. M., Cohen, A. N., & Daley, S. E. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.009 · Cited by 149
Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9785-x · Cited by 165
Kaptein, K. I., de Jonge, P., van den Brink, R. H. S., & Korf, J. (2006) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000233237.79085.57 · Cited by 146
Ali, S., Rhodes, L., Moreea, O., McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., Leach, C., Lucock, M., Lutz, W., & Delgadillo, J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.006 · Cited by 139
Goodyer, I. M., Dubicka, B., Wilkinson, P. O., Kelvin, R. G., Roberts, C., Byford, S., Breen, S., Ford, C., Barrett, B. M., Leech, A., et al. (2008) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta12140 · Cited by 144
Treatment-resistant depression: are animal models of depression fit for purpose?
Willner, P., & Belzung, C. (2015) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4034-7 · Cited by 153
Michaud, K., Matheson, K., Kelly, O., & Anisman, H. (2008) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890701727874 · Cited by 142
An overview of recent findings of the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network (Part I)
Post, R. M., Leverich, G. S., Altshuler, L. L., Frye, M. A., Suppes, T. M., Keck, P. E., McElroy, S. L., Kupka, R., Nolen, W. A., Grunze, H., et al. (2003) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1034/j.1399-5618.2003.00051.x · Cited by 141
Neurobiological correlates of illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders
Post, R. M., Fleming, J., & Kapczinski, F. P. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.02.004 · Cited by 142
On communication between gut microbes and the brain
Forsythe, P., Kunze, W. A., & Bienenstock, J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3283572ffa · Cited by 137
Is bereavement-related depression different than non-bereavement-related depression?
Zisook, S., & Kendler, K. S. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707009865 · Cited by 144
Self-citationHovens, J. G. F. M., Giltay, E. J., Spinhoven, P., van Hemert, A. M., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.14m09135 · Cited by 135
Rice, S., Gleeson, J., Davey, C., Hetrick, S., Parker, A., Lederman, R., Wadley, G., Murray, G., Herrman, H., Chambers, R., et al. (2018) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12354 · Cited by 118
Early life adversity: Lasting consequences for emotional learning
Krugers, H. J., Arp, J. M., Xiong, H., Kanatsou, S., Lesuis, S. L., Kőrösi, A., Joëls, M., & Lucassen, P. J. (2016) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.11.005 · Cited by 139
Computational Psychiatry Needs Time and Context
Hitchcock, P., Fried, E. I., & Frank, M. J. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-021621-124910 · Cited by 145
Casey, B. J., Glatt, C. E., Tottenham, N., Soliman, F., Bath, K., Amso, D., Altemus, M., Pattwell, S., Jones, R., Levita, L., et al. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.081 · Cited by 129
Wingenfeld, K., Spitzer, C., Rullkötter, N., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.09.014 · Cited by 135
Post, R. M., & Leverich, G. S. (2006) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579406060573 · Cited by 128
Prevalence, associated factors and predictors of anxiety: a community survey in Selangor, Malaysia
Maideen, S. F. K., Sidik, S. M., Rampal, L., & Mukhtar, F. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0648-x · Cited by 128
Goodyer, I. M., Tsancheva, S., Byford, S., Dubicka, B., Hill, J., Kelvin, R. G., Reynolds, S. A., Roberts, C., Senior, R., John Suckling, A., et al. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-175 · Cited by 125
Conroy, E., Degenhardt, L. J., Mattick, R. P., & Nelson, E. C. (2009) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.09.009 · Cited by 123
Due, P., Damsgaard, M. T., Lund, R., & Holstein, B. E. (2009) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckp099 · Cited by 124
Martínez, M., Postolache, T. T., García‐Bueno, B., Leza, J. C., Figuero, E., Lowry, C. A., & Malan‐Müller, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.814177 · Cited by 130
Religiosity and resilience in persons at high risk for major depression
Kasen, S., WICKRAMARATNE, P. J., Gameroff, M. J., & Weissman, M. M. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001516 · Cited by 137
Neurocognitive Functioning in Depressed Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Goodall, J., Fisher, C. A., Hetrick, S. E., Phillips, L., Parrish, E. M., & Allott, K. (2018) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9373-9 · Cited by 130
Stressful life events, personal losses, and perimenopause-related depression
Schmidt, P. J., Murphy, J. H., Haq, N., Rubinow, D. R., & Danaceau, M. A. (2004) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0036-2 · Cited by 119
Epidemiology of subtypes of depression
Kessing, L. V. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.00966.x · Cited by 118
Potential Mechanisms of Action of Lamotrigine in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorders
Ketter, T. A., Manji, H. K., & Post, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000088915.02635.e8 · Cited by 117
Maideen, S. F. K., Sidik, S. M., Rampal, L. R. G., & Mukhtar, F. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095395 · Cited by 118
Guang, Y., Feng, Z., Yang, G., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Dai, Q., Hu, C., Liu, K., Zhang, R., Xia, F., et al. (2017) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1554-1 · Cited by 113
Monroe, S. M., Slavich, G. M., Torres, L. D., & Gotlib, I. H. (2007) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.116 · Cited by 122
Bender, R. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.004 · Cited by 112
Psychosocial and clinical predictors of unipolar depression outcome in older adults
Bosworth, H. B., Hays, J. C., George, L. K., & Steffens, D. C. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.590 · Cited by 110
Towards a Cultural–Clinical Psychology
Ryder, A. G., Ban, L., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E. (2011) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00404.x · Cited by 114
Hoppen, T. H., & Chalder, T. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.08.002 · Cited by 110
Morris, M. C., Ciesla, J. A., & Garber, J. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019036 · Cited by 114
Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.004 · Cited by 122
Sex differences in the outcome of juvenile social isolation on HPA axis function in rats
Pisu, M. G., Garau, A., Boero, G., Biggio, F., Pibiri, V., Dore, R., Locci, V., Paci, E., Porcu, P., & Serra, M. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.009 · Cited by 112
Andrews, P. W., Kornstein, S. G., Halberstadt, L. J., Gardner, C. O., & Neale, M. C. (2011) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00159 · Cited by 107
Self-citationBrown, T. A., & Rosellini, A. J. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023035 · Cited by 120
Depression, Olfaction, and Quality of Life: A Mutual Relationship
Rochet, M., El‐Hage, W., Richa, S., Kazour, F., & Atanasova, B. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8050080 · Cited by 133
The Bargaining Model of Depression
Hagen, E. H. (2003) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3232.003.0008 · Cited by 108
Hearing Voices in Different Cultures: A Social Kindling Hypothesis
Luhrmann, T. M., Padmavati, R., Tharoor, H., & Osei, A. (2015) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12158 · Cited by 106
LESKELÄ, U., RYTSÄLÄ, H., KOMULAINEN, E., MELARTIN, T., SOKERO, P., LESTELÄ-MIELONEN, P., & ISOMETSÄ, E. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007276 · Cited by 105
Turney, K. (2012) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.06.003 · Cited by 106
Advanced cancer caregiving as a risk for major depressive episodes and generalized anxiety disorder
Trevino, K. M., Prigerson, H. G., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4441 · Cited by 106
Life events and changes in the course of depression in young adults
Friis, R. H., Wïttchen, H., Pfister, H., & Lieb, R. (2002) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00682-x · Cited by 108
Cytokines as a stressor: implications for depressive illness
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., Turrin, N. P., & Merali, Z. (2002) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145702003097 · Cited by 109
Kinser, P. A., Bourguignon, C. M., Whaley, D. E., Hauenstein, E. J., & Taylor, A. G. (2013) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2013.01.003 · Cited by 114
Sex Differences in Diencephalon Serotonin Transporter Availability in Major Depression
Staley, J. K., Sanacora, G., Tamagnan, G. D., Maciejewski, P. K., Malison, R. T., Berman, R., Vythilingam, M., Kugaya, A., Baldwin, R. M., Seibyl, J. P., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.012 · Cited by 106
Neurobiology of emotional trauma
Giotakos, O. (2020) · Psychiatriki · doi:10.22365/jpsych.2020.312.162 · Cited by 130
Booij, S. H., Bouma, E., de Jonge, P., Ormel, J., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.08.004 · Cited by 101
Predicting relapse after antidepressant withdrawal – a systematic review
Berwian, I. M., Walter, H., Seifritz, E., & Huys, Q. J. M. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002580 · Cited by 93
“…properties as predictors of relapse or recurrence risk independent of medication discontinuation: number of previous episodes (Berlanga et al. 1999; Kendler et al. 2000; Burcusa & Iacono, 2007; Hardeveld et al. 2010), residual symptoms (Hardeveld et al. 2010; Nierenberg et al. 2010) and other…”
BackgroundPredictors of first lifetime episodes of major depression in midlife women
Bromberger, J. T., Kravitz, H. M., Matthews, K. A., Youk, A. O., Brown, C., & Feng, W. H. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708003218 · Cited by 101
Prevention of childhood depression: recent findings and future prospects
Beardslee, W. R., & Gladstone, T. R. G. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01126-x · Cited by 100
Longitudinal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis trait and state effects in recurrent depression
Lok, A., Mocking, R. J. T., Ruhé, H. G., Visser, I., Koeter, M. W. J., Assies, J., Bockting, C. L. H., Olff, M., & Schene, A. H. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.005 · Cited by 99
Rawal, A., Collishaw, S., Thapar, A., & Rice, F. J. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001158 · Cited by 101
Allott, K., Fisher, C. A., Amminger, G. P., Goodall, J., & Hetrick, S. E. (2016) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.527 · Cited by 102
Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, G., Jin, J., & Zheng, Z. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1610-5 · Cited by 99
Mechanisms of Illness Progression in the Recurrent Affective Disorders
Post, R. M. (2010) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-010-9182-2 · Cited by 99
Toward a Comprehensive Developmental Model for Major Depression in Women
Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (2005) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.3.1.83 · Cited by 96
Self-citationThe cultural kindling of spiritual experiences.
Cassaniti, J. L., & Luhrmann, T. M. (2014) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/677881 · Cited by 131
Continuation and Maintenance ECT: A Review of Recent Research
Andrade, C., & Kurinji, S. (2002) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200209000-00007 · Cited by 95
Preventing Relapse and Recurrence of Depression:A Brief Review of Therapeutic Options
Thase, M. E. (2006) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900015212 · Cited by 93
CRH, Stress, and Major Depression: A Psychobiological Interplay
Claes, S. J. (2004) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(04)69005-4 · Cited by 93
Halvorsen, M. B., Wang, C. E., Eisemann, M. R., & Waterloo, K. K. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9259-5 · Cited by 94
Depression in cultural context: “Chinese somatization”, revisited
Ryder, A. G., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E. (2012) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.11.006 · Cited by 139
Conner, T. S., Tennen, H. A., Zautra, A., Affleck, G. G., Armeli, S., & Fifield, J. (2006) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.033 · Cited by 92
Sheets, E. S., & Craighead, W. E. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.001 · Cited by 93
Interaction between genetic polymorphisms and stressful life events in first episode depression
Bukh, J. D., Bock, C., Vinberg, M., Werge, T. M., Gether, U., & Kessing, L. V. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.023 · Cited by 93
Maes, M. H. J., Mylle, J. J. C., Delmeire, L., & Janca, A. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00325-0 · Cited by 93
Serotonin transporter gene, stress and raphe–raphe interactions: a molecular mechanism of depression
Jasinska, A. J., Lowry, C. A., & Burmeister, M. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.01.001 · Cited by 95
The specificity of Pavlovian regulation is associated with recovery from depression
Huys, Q. J. M., Gölzer, M., Friedel, E., Heinz, A., Cools, R., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002597 · Cited by 96
Males and females respond differently to controllability and antidepressant treatment
Leuner, B., Mendolia‐Loffredo, S., & Shors, T. J. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.018 · Cited by 93
Scars in depression: is a conceptual shift necessary to solve the puzzle?
Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., van Os, J., & Peeters, F. P. M. L. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990420 · Cited by 91
Mattioli, L., Funari, C., & Perfumi, M. (2009) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108089872 · Cited by 91
Validity of the bereavement exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of major depressive episode.
Zisook, S., Shear, K. M., & Kendler, K. S. (2007) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 91
Self-citationApplication of Noninvasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation to Stress-Related Psychiatric Disorders
Bremner, J. D., Gurel, N. Z., Wittbrodt, M. T., Shandhi, M. M. H., Rapaport, M. H., Nye, J. A., Pearce, B. D., Vaccarino, V., Shah, A. J., Park, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm10030119 · Cited by 100
The combined DEX-CRH test in treatment course and long-term outcome of major depression
Hatzinger, M., Hemmeter, U., Baumann, K., Brand, S., & Holsboer‐Trachsler, E. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(02)00021-3 · Cited by 90
van Veen, T., Wardenaar, K. J., Carlier, I. V. E., Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Zitman, F. G. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.011 · Cited by 88
Depression in Women Who Are Mothers
Goodman, S. H., & Tully, E. C. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841262.013 · Cited by 89
Inmate Mental Health and the Pains of Imprisonment
Edgemon, T. G., & Clay‐Warner, J. (2018) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869318785424 · Cited by 86
Wang, H., Huang, D., Huang, H., Zhang, J., Guo, L., Liu, Y., Ma, H., & Geng, Q. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002561 · Cited by 93
Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Female Medical-Surgical Hospital Nurses
Welsh, D. (2009) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840902754537 · Cited by 84
Depression History, Stress, and Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Zautra, A., Parrish, B. P., Puymbroeck, C. M. V., Tennen, H. A., Davis, M. C., Reich, J. W., & Irwin, M. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9097-4 · Cited by 85
Beach, S. R. H., & Whisman, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00243.x · Cited by 88
Mall, S., Mortier, P., Taljaard, L., Roos, J., Stein, D. J., & Löchner, C. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1583-9 · Cited by 90
Mechanisms of comorbidity, continuity, and discontinuity in anxiety-related disorders
McNaughton, N., & Corr, P. J. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000699 · Cited by 81
Heritability of individual depressive symptoms
Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Taylor, S. J., Stein, M. B., & Moon, E. C. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00108-3 · Cited by 80
Jain, R., Jain, S. B., Raison, C. L., & Maletic, V. (2011) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-011-0202-2 · Cited by 81
Duration of untreated symptoms in common mental disorders: association with outcomes
Kisely, S. R., Scott, A., Denney, J., & Simon, G. E. (2006) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.019869 · Cited by 77
Dimensional Models of Psychopathology: Research Agenda and Clinical Utility.
Cuthbert, B. N. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.565 · Cited by 77
Adolescent depression and brain development: evidence from voxel-based morphometry
Straub, J., Brown, R. C., Malejko, K., Bonenberger, M., Grön, G., Plener, P. L., & Abler, B. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.170233 · Cited by 80
Li, Z., Xin, Y., Zhong, M., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Wu, S., & Xiong, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.664808 · Cited by 79
Metadata
- Authors
- Kendler, K. S., Thornton, L. M., & Gardner, C. O.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2000-08-01
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1243-1251
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2150355913
- Cited by
- 721
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 11.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001277-05)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA009095, AA-09095)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-01277, R01MH040828, MH 40828)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, life events, recurrent depression, women, depressive episodes, etiology of depression, twin pairs, genetic risk, event severity, within-person change
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Kindling, Neurologic, Life Change Events, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Psychological, Recurrence, Research Design, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Odds Ratio, Survival Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
