Effects of Methylphenidate on Functional Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry of the Cerebellar Vermis in Boys With ADHD
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the effects of methylphenidate on steady-state blood volume in the midline vermis of the cerebellum in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This region was selected as it has been observed to be significantly smaller in children with ADHD. Also, in preclinical studies, the vermis has been shown to modulate forebrain dopamine systems, to influence locomotor activity, and to contain a significant density of dopamine transporters. METHOD: T(2) relaxometry was used to indirectly assess blood volume in the cerebellum (hemispheres and midline vermis) of 10 boys with ADHD who were administered placebo or one of three different doses of methylphenidate continuously for 1 week. T(2) relaxation time values are inversely proportional to local cerebral blood volume. After each week of treatment, and within 1-3 hours of the boys' afternoon dose, testing for drug efficacy was performed by using objective measures of activity. RESULTS: Moderate and high doses of methylphenidate increased T(2) relaxation time in a rate-dependent manner-increasing T(2) relaxation time in the most active children with ADHD and reducing T(2) relaxation time in subjects with ADHD who were not objectively hyperactive. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study supports a role for the vermis in ADHD and suggests that further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vermal size, vermal blood flow, stimulant response, and the developmental pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Moderate and high doses of methylphenidate modified T2 relaxation time in the vermis in boys with ADHD: for the most hyperactive boys T2 increased; for nonhyperactive boys T2 was lower.
“For example, moderate and high doses of methylphenidate modified T2 relaxation time (a measure of relative blood volume or flow) in the vermis in boys with ADHD: for boys with ADHD who were the most hyperactive T2 relaxation time increased; for boys with ADHD who were nonhyperactive, T2 relaxation time was lower [259].”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [259]
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- Authors
- Anderson, C. M., Polcari, A., Lowen, S. B., Renshaw, P. F., & Teicher, M. H.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2002-08-01
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1322-1328
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2101637343
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh053636-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 53636, MH 48343, R01MH048343)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA14178, DA-09448, R01DA009448, R01DA014178)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- methylphenidate, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebellar vermis, T2 relaxometry, cerebral blood volume, stimulant response, boys, hyperactivity, dopamine, drug efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebellum, Child, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Methylphenidate, Placebos, Regional Blood Flow
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