Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review
Open accessAbstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a fast developing and very complex field. Every study appears to show differences in patterns of brain activation between cases and controls, but the interpretation of such differences is not as straightforward as it may seem. We present here a systematic review of the fMRI literature in ADHD; areas covered include executive functions, reward processing, the effects of methylphenidate, comorbidity and spontaneous brain activity in the resting state. To facilitate the interpretation of research in this area, we discuss important conceptual issues, such as the need to take group differences in performance into account or to consider the role of errors. We present common themes that emerge from these studies and we discuss possible reasons for the many discrepancies that were observed. Finally, based on existing literature and current advancements in fMRI research, we discuss the role that fMRI could play in the future as a diagnostic tool or in treatment outcome predictions, and we make predictions for the future directions of research in this field.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
fMRI studies in ADHD have shown decreased ventral striatum activation during monetary-reward anticipation, atypical orbitofrontal activation during monetary-reward outcome, and decreased DCN and amygdala activation during delayed reward outcome.
“These studies have shown decreased ventral striatum activation during monetary-reward anticipation [484-487], atypical orbitofrontal activation during monetary-reward outcome [487,488], and decreased DCN and amygdala activation during delayed reward outcome [485,489].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [489]
Many studies comparing ADHD and control groups have found anatomical and functional brain abnormalities linked to ADHD.
“many studies that compare ADHD and control groups have documented a long list of possible anatomical (Krain and Castellanos, 2006) and functional (Dickstein et al, 2006) abnormalities associated with ADHD.”
From Understanding the Effects of Stimulant Medications on Cognition in Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Decade of Progress (2011) · cites this paper as Paloyelis et al, (2007)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190 · see citing works
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358 · see citing works
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought
Mason, M. F., Norton, M. I., Van Horn, J. D., Wegner, D. M., Grafton, S. T., & Macrae, C. N. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1131295 · Cited by 2,792 · see citing works
Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI
Yu-Feng, Z., Yong, H., Chao-Zhe, Z., Qing-Jiu, C., Man-Qiu, S., Meng, L., Li-Xia, T., Tian-Zi, J., & Yu-Feng, W. (2007) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.07.002 · Cited by 2,660 · see citing works
Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia
Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111134598 · Cited by 2,374 · see citing works
Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Perlis, R. H., Doyle, A. E., Smoller, J. W., Goralnick, J. J., Holmgren, M. A., & Sklar, P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.024 · Cited by 2,357 · see citing works
Beyond mind-reading: multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data
Norman, K. A., Polyn, S. M., Detre, G. J., & Haxby, J. V. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.005 · Cited by 2,271 · see citing works
FARAONE, S. V., BIEDERMAN, J., & MICK, E. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170500471x · Cited by 2,267 · see citing works
Anticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens
Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-j0002.2001 · Cited by 2,244 · see citing works
Decoding mental states from brain activity in humans
Haynes, J., & Rees, G. E. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1931 · Cited by 1,804 · see citing works
Castellanos, F. X. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.14.1740 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66915-2 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders
FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1993 · Cited by 1,216 · see citing works
Human cingulate cortex and autonomic control: converging neuroimaging and clinical evidence
Critchley, H. D., Mathias, C. J., Josephs, O., O’Doherty, J., Zanini, S., Dewar, B., Cipolotti, L., Shallice, T., & Dolan, R. J. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg216 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
Rubia, K., Overmeyer, S., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., Williams, S. C. R., Simmons, A., & Bullmore, E. T. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.6.891 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.008 · Cited by 962 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Bush, G., Frazier, J. A., Rauch, S. L., Seidman, L. J., Whalen, P. J., Jenike, M. A., Rosen, B. R., & Biederman, J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00083-9 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Vaidya, C. J., Austin, G., Kirkorian, G., Ridlehuber, H. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14494 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Callicott, J. H. (1999) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/9.1.20 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
The neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an ALE meta‐analysis
Dickstein, S. G., Bannon, K., Xavier Castellanos, F., & Milham, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01671.x · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction
Knutson, B., & Cooper, J. C. (2005) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000173463.24758.f6 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
When zero is not zero: the problem of ambiguous baseline conditions in fMRI
Stark, C. E. L., & Squire, L. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.221462998 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Differential patterns of striatal activation in young children with and without ADHD
Durston, S., Tottenham, N. T., Thomas, K. M., Davidson, M. C., Eigsti, I.-M., Yang, Y., Ulug, A. M., & Casey, B. J. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01904-2 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.010 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.121.1.65 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Swanson, J. M., Kinsbourne, M., Nigg, J., Lanphear, B., Stefanatos, G. A., Volkow, N., Taylor, E., Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2007) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-007-9019-9 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Incentive-elicited brain activation in adolescents: Similarities and differences from young adults
Bjork, J. M., Knutson, B., Fong, G. W., Caggiano, D. M., Bennett, S. M., & Hommer, D. W. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4862-03.2004 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Analysis of a large fMRI cohort: statistical and methodological issues for group analyses
Thirion, B., Pinel, P., Mériaux, S., Roche, A., Dehaene, S., & Poline, J.-B. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.054 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review
MARIJE BOONSTRA, A., OOSTERLAAN, J., SERGEANT, J. A., & BUITELAAR, J. K. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170500499x · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Brammer, M. J., Toone, B., & Taylor, E. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1067 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B., Lowe, N., Aneey, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001869 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationKrause, K.-H., Dresel, S. H., Krause, J., Kung, H. F., & Tatsch, K. (2000) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01040-5 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Study design in fMRI: Basic principles
Amaro, E., & Barker, G. J. (2006) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2005.11.009 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Scheres, A., Milham, M. P., Knutson, B., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.042 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Makris, N., Biederman, J., Valera, E. M., Bush, G., Kaiser, J., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl047 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Degeneracy and cognitive anatomy
Price, C. J., & Friston, K. J. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01976-9 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Rauch, S. L., Savage, C. R., Alpert, N. M., Fischman, A. J., & Jenike, M. A. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00145-5 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Tian, L., Jiang, T., Wang, Y., Zang, Y., He, Y., Liang, M., Sui, M., Cao, Q., Hu, S., Peng, M., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.022 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Seidman, L. J., Valera, E. M., Makris, N., Monuteaux, M. C., Boriel, D., Kelkar, K., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., Bush, G., Aleardi, M., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.031 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Non-invasive measurement of perfusion: a critical review of arterial spin labelling techniques
Petersen, E. T., Zimine, I., Ho, Y.-C. L., & Golay, X. (2006) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr/67705974 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Linking nucleus accumbens dopamine and blood oxygenation
Knutson, B., & Gibbs, S. E. B. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0686-7 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Konrad, K., Neufang, S., Hanisch, C., Fink, G. R., & Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.013 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Booth, J. R., Burman, D. D., Meyer, J. R., Lei, Z., Trommer, B. L., Davenport, N. D., Li, W., Parrish, T. B., Gitelman, D. R., & Marsel Mesulam, M. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00337.x · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Impact of complex genetic variation in COMT on human brain function
Meyer‐Lindenberg, A., Nichols, T. E., Callicott, J. H., Ding, J., Kolachana, B. S., Buckholtz, J. W., Mattay, V. S., Egan, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001860 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M., Polcari, A. M., Glod, C. A., Maas, L. C., & Renshaw, P. F. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/74737 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Mill, J., Guindalini, C., Curran, S., Xu, X.-H., Knight, J., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Sethna, V., Taylor, E., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.1.74 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationBush, G., & Shin, L. M. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.48 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Smith, A. B., Taylor, E., Brammer, M., Toone, B., & Rubia, K. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1044 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Hariri, A. R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2003) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/65.1.259 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Pliszka, S. R., Glahn, D. C., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Franklin, C., Perez III, R., Xiong, J., & Liotti (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1052 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
TAMM, L., MENON, V., RINGEL, J., & REISS, A. L. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000140452.51205.8d · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Vaidya, C. J., Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Zalecki, C. A., Elliott, G. R., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1605 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Cao, Q., Zang, Y., Sun, L., Sui, M., Long, X., Zou, Q., & Wang, Y. (2006) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000224769.92454.5d · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?
Fellows, L. K. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh405 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Schulz, K. P., Fan, J., Tang, C. Y., Newcorn, J. H., Buchsbaum, M. S., Cheung, A. M., & Halperin, J. M. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.9.1650 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Neuropsychological analyses of impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity
Rubia, K., Taylor, E., Smith, A. B., Oksannen, H., Overmeyer, S., & Newman, S. S. (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.179.2.138 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The capacity theory of comprehension: New frontiers of evidence and arguments.
Just, M. A., Carpenter, P. A., & Keller, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.4.773 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Lévesque, J., Beauregard, M., & Mensour, B. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.100 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The relevance of behavioural measures for functional-imaging studies of cognition
Wilkinson, D. T., & Halligan, P. W. (2004) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1302 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Etnier (1997) · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4975-05.2006 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Fassbender, C., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.01.003 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Poldrack, R. A., & Seidman, L. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.034 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Willcutt, E. G., Pennington, B. F., Olson, R. K., & DeFries, J. C. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30310 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Durston, S., Mulder, M., Casey, B. J., Ziermans, T. B., & van Engeland, H. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.020 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Mostofsky, S. H., Rimrodt, S. L., Schafer, J. G. B., Boyce, A., Goldberg, M. C., Pekar, J. J., & DENCKLA, M. B. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.011 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Shafritz, K. M., Marchione, K. E., Gore, J. C., Shaywitz, S. E., & Shaywitz, B. A. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.1990 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., Madras, B. K., Faraone, S. V., Dougherty, D. D., Bonab, A. A., & Fischman, A. J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.036 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Motivational Effects on Inhibitory Control in Children With ADHD
SLUSAREK, M., VELLING, S., BUNK, D., & EGGERS, C. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200103000-00016 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Brain Activations in Schizophrenia During a Graded Memory Task Studied With Functional Neuroimaging
Fletcher, P. C., McKenna, P. J., Frith, C., Grasby, P. M., Friston, K. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.1001 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Brammer, M. J., & Taylor, E. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.024 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions during the first year in term infants: A longitudinal study
Zang, Z., & Jiang, Z. D. (2007) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2006.10.001 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Scheres, A., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00728 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Tamm, L., Menon, V., & Reiss, A. L. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.6.1033 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Overflow Movements Predict Impaired Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD
Mostofsky, S. H., Newschaffer, C. J., & DENCKLA, M. B. (2003) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2003.97.3f.1315 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Beauregard, M., & Lévesque, J. (2006) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-006-9001-y · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Functional MRI in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for hypofrontality
Zang, Y., Jin, Z. H., Weng, X., Zhang, L., Zeng, Y., Yang, L., Wang, Y., Seidman, L. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2004.11.009 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Waldman, I. D., & Gizer, I. R. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.01.007 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Silk, T., Vance, A., Rinehart, N., Egan, G., O'Boyle, M., Bradshaw, J. L., & Cunnington, R. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.3.282 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Melchitzky, D. S. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00139-6 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Leibenluft, E., Rich, B. A., Vinton, D. T., Nelson, E. E., Fromm, S. J., Berghorst, L. H., Joshi, P. T., Robb, A. S., Schachar, R. J., Dickstein, D. P., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.1.a52 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Anderson, C. M., Polcari, A., Lowen, S. B., Renshaw, P. F., & Teicher, M. H. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1322 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Asherson, P., Brookes, K., Franke, B., Chen, W., Gill, M., Ebstein, R. P., Buitelaar, J., Banaschewski, T., Sonuga-Barke, E., Eisenberg, J., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.4.674 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationKonrad, K., Gauggel, S., Manz, A., & Schöll, M. (2000) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.6.4.286.3145 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Attention?Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the post?genomic era
Asherson, P. J. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1006-6 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationSchulz, K. P., Newcorn, J. H., Fan, J., Tang, C. Y., & Halperin, J. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000145551.26813.f9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hurley, M. J., Mash, D. C., & Jenner, P. G. (2003) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02963.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Artifactual fMRI group and condition differences driven by performance confounds
Murphy, K., & Garavan, H. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.016 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Burd, L., Klug, M. G., Coumbe, M. J., & Kerbeshian, J. (2003) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738030180080101 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Zhu, C., Zang, Y., Liang, M., Tian, L., Yong He, A., Li, X. B., Sui, M. Q., Wang, Y. F., & Jiang, T. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11566489_58 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Adler, C. M., DelBello, M. P., Mills, N. P., Schmithorst, V. J., Holland, S. K., & Strakowski, S. M. (2005) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00257.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Motivational Effects on Motor Timing in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
van Meel, C. S., Oosterlaan, J., Heslenfeld, D. J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000155326.22394.e6 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Schulz, K. P., Tang, C. Y., Fan, J., Marks, D. J., Newcorn, J. H., Cheung, A. M., & Halperin, J. M. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.390 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The counting Stroop: a cognitive interference task
Bush, G., Whalen, P. J., Shin, L. M., & Rauch, S. L. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.35 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Kuntsi, J., McLoughlin, G., & Asherson, P. J. (2006) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1385/nmm:8:4:461 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationKrauel, K., Duzel, E., Hinrichs, H., Santel, S., Rellum, T., & Baving, L. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.051 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Roffman, J. L., Weiss, A. P., GOFF, D. C., Rauch, S. L., & Weinberger, D. R. (2006) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220600642945 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Burns, G. L., Walsh, J. A., & Gomez, R. (2003) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025453132269 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Dopamine transporters in the cerebellum of mutant mice
Giompres, P., & Delis, F. (2005) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1080/14734220510007851 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Rasmussen, E. R., Todd, R. D., Neuman, R. J., Heath, A. C., Reich, W., & Rohde, L. A. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00081 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Functional brain mapping of psychopathology.
Honey, G. D., Fletcher, P. C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2002) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1136/jnnp.72.4.432 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sunshine, J. L., Lewin, J. S., Wu, D. H., Miller, D. A., Findling, R. L., Manos, M. J., & SCHWARTZ, M. A. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Brain T2 relaxation times correlate with regional cerebral blood volume
Anderson, C. M., Kaufman, M. J., Lowen, S. B., Rohan, M. L., Renshaw, P. F., & Teicher, M. H. (2004) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-004-0076-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Motor overflow in Huntington's disease
Georgiou‐Karistianis, N. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.016733 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Donnelly, S. L., Wolpert, C. M., Menold, M. M., Bass, M. P., Gilbert, J. R., Cuccaro, M. L., Delong, G. R., & Pericak-Vance, M. A. (2000) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/1096-8628(20000612)96:3
Xiong (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)8:2/3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [4]Faraone SV Sergeant J Gillberg C Biederman J The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it an American condition? World Psychiatry 2003 2 2 104 113 16946911 PMC1525089
- [22]Raichle ME Neuroscience. The brain’s dark energy Science 2006 314 5803 1249 1250 17124311
- [65]American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000 Author Washington, DC 4th Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies
Cortese, S., Kelly, C., Chabernaud, C., Proal, E., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521 · Cited by 1,067 · see citing works
Kooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Self-citationTripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Luman, M., Tripp, G., & Scheres, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.021 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Swanson, J., Baler, R. D., & Volkow, N. D. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.160 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Autism and ADHD: how far have we come in the comorbidity debate
Gargaro, B. A., Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Tonge, B. J., & Sheppard, D. M. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.002 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Skirrow, C., McLoughlin, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.2 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationMind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bozhilova, N. S., Michelini, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationPaloyelis, Y., Asherson, P., Mehta, M. A., Faraone, S. V., & Kuntsi, J. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.124 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationScheres, A., Tontsch, C., Thoeny, A. L., & Kaczkurkin, A. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.033 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
del Campo, N., Fryer, T. D., Hong, Y. T., Smith, R., Brichard, L., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Chamberlain, S. R., Tait, R., Izquierdo, D., Regenthal, R., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt263 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Glutamate/glutamine and neuronal integrity in adults with ADHD: a proton MRS study
Maltezos, S., Horder, J., Coghlan, S., Skirrow, C., O'Gorman, R., Lavender, T. J., Mendez, M. A., Mehta, M., Daly, E., Xenitidis, K., et al. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.11 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationKaralunas, S. L., Huang-Pollock, C. L., & Nigg, J. T. (2012) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0029936 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Kobel, M., Bechtel, N., Weber, P., Specht, K., Klarhöfer, M., Scheffler, K., Opwis, K., & Penner, I.-K. (2009) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.10.008 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Marx, A.-M., Ehlis, A.-C., Furdea, A., Holtmann, M., Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., Rothenberger, A., Gevensleben, H., Freitag, C. M., Fuchsenberger, Y., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.01038 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Xia, S., Li, X., Kimball, A. E., Kelly, M. S., Lesser, I., & Branch, C. (2012) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.04.011 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Striatal sensitivity during reward processing in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., & Kuntsi, J. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.05.006 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationComorbidity of ADHD and Substance Use Disorder (SUD): A Neuroimaging Perspective
Frodl, T. (2010) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054710365054 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Van Dessel, J., Sonuga‐Barke, E., Mies, G., Lemiere, J., Van der Oord, S., Morsink, S., & Danckaerts, M. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12868 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Methylphenidate Effects on Prefrontal Functioning During Attentional-Capture and Response Inhibition
Pauls, A. M., O'Daly, O. G., Rubia, K., Riedel, W. J., Williams, S. C. R., & Mehta, M. A. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.028 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship of DAT1 and adult ADHD to task-positive and task-negative working memory networks
Brown, A. B., Biederman, J., Valera, E., Makris, N., Doyle, A., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Mick, E., Spencer, T., Faraone, S., & Seidman, L. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.01.006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Functional imaging changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in adult ADHD
Salavert, J., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Caseras, X., Palomar, G., Radua, J., Bosch, R., Salvador, R., McKenna, P. J., Casas, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715611492 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mizuno, K., Yoneda, T., Komi, M., Hirai, T., Watanabe, Y., & Tomoda, A. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.004 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1337-1356
- ISSN
- 1473-7175 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-8360
- PMC
- PMC3763932
- OpenAlex
- W2134237347
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (070345)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, functional MRI, brain activation, executive function, reward processing, methylphenidate, comorbidities, resting-state brain activity, ADHD diagnosis, treatment outcome prediction
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Predictive Value of Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
