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Cited by 594Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

An integrative theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences

NIGG, JOEL T., CASEY, B. J.·2005·Development and Psychopathology
DOI 10.1017/s0954579405050376
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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome that arises in early childhood, often co-occurs with conduct disorder and leads, developmentally, to antisocial behavior and substance abuse. Models from cognitive and affective neuroscience have been invoked in an effort to understand the development of ADHD, leading to a broad array of interrelated theories and hypothesized mechanisms. In this paper, we highlight core mechanisms that may cut across several theories and constructs, and thus provide some leverage for further study and conceptualization from a neuroscience perspective. We emphasize the joint operations of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar neural loops in detecting and predicting what and when important events in the environment will occur and their interaction with frontoamygdala loops in assigning emotional significance to these events. We note that weaknesses in the development of these basic operations could lead to decrement in the development of cognitive and affective control and other mental operations mediated by prefrontal cortex during development. In turn, such decrement could lead to many of the phenotypic cognitive and neuropsychological features seen in children with ADHD. This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants R01-MH59105 and R01-MH63146 to J.T.N. and NIMH R01 MH63255 and NIDA R21 DA15882 to B.J.C.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0954579405050376

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  • Etiological heterogeneity in biological and environmental factors is likely reflected in variation in neural correlates and results in diverse cognitive and behavioral profiles and developmental trajectories of ADHD.

    “The etiological heterogeneity in terms of the biological and environmental factors is likely reflected in variation in neural correlates (Nigg and Casey, 2005; Mackie et al., 2007; Fair et al., 2012; Costa Dias et al., 2013, 2015; Karalunas et al., 2014), and results in the diverse cognitive and behavioral profiles and developmental trajectories of the disorder (Halperin and Schulz, 2006; Rajendr”

    From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Nigg and Casey, 2005

  • Abnormalities in DA and NE signalling have been reported in both MDD and ADHD, suggesting a potentially shared underlying pathophysiology.

    “abnormalities in DA and NE signalling have been reported in both MDD and ADHD, suggesting a potentially shared underlying pathophysiology, at least in some individuals [56][57][58][59].”

    From Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach (2017) · cites this paper as [58]

  • ADHD is well established to involve severe cognitive control difficulties, yet cognitive flexibility does not seem to be a core deficit.

    “It is well established that people with ADHD encounter various severe cognitive control difficulties [57], but cognitive flexibility does not seem to be a key deficit [4,12,26,57,67].”

    From The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism (2009) · cites this paper as [57]

Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Casey, B. J. (in press).Frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry underlying cognitivecontrol. In U. Mayr , S. W. Keele , & E. Awh (Eds.),Developing individuality in the human brain.Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
  2. Snyder, J. , Reid, J. , & Patterson, G. (2003).A social learning model of child and adolescent antisocialbehavior. In B. B. Lahey , T. E. Moffitt , & A. Caspi (Eds.),Causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency (pp.27–48).New York:Guilford Press.
  3. Kimberg, D. Y. , & Farrah, M. J. (1998).Is there an inhibitory module in the prefrontal cortex? Workingmemory and the mechanisms underlying cognitive control. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.),Control of cognitive processes: Attention and performanceXVIII (pp.739–752).Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
  4. Davidson, M. C. , Horvitz, J. C. , Tottenham, N. , Durston, S. N. , Fossella, J. A. , & Casey, B. J. (2003).FMRI investigation of circuitry modulated by violations in stimuliand temporal expectations.Proceedings of the Society for Neuroscience[Abstract].
  5. Casey, B. J. , Amso, D. , & Davidson, M. C. (in press).Learning about learning and development with neuroimaging.In M. Johnsons & Y. Munakata (Eds).Attention and performance XXI: Processes of change in brain andcognitive development Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
  6. MacCoon, D. G. , Wallace, J. F. , & Newman, J. P. (2004).Self-regulation: The context-appropriate allocation of attentionalcapacity to dominant and non-dominant cues. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs, (Eds.),Handbook of self-regulation research (pp.422–444).New York:Guilford Press.
  7. Pliszka, S. R. , Carlson, C. L. , & Swanson, J. M. (1999).ADHD with comorbid disorders.New York:Guilford Press.
  8. Logan, G. D. (1994).A user's guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach & T. Carr (Eds.),Inhibition in language, memory, and attention (pp.189–240).San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
  9. Gray, J. A. (1971).The psychobiology of fear and stress.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  10. Casey, B. J. (2000).Development and disruption of inhibitory mechanisms ofattention. In R. S. Siegler & J. L. McClelland (Eds.),Mechanisms of cognitive development: The Carnegie Symposium onCognition(Vol. 28).Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
  11. Benes, F. M. (2001).The development of prefrontal cortex: The maturation ofneurotransmitter systems and their interactions. In C. A. Nelson & M. Luciana (Eds.),Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience (pp.79–92).Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
  12. Quay, H. C. (1988).Attention deficit disorder and the behavioral inhibition system:The relevance of the neuropsychological theory of Jeffrey A. Gray.In L. M. Bloomingdale & J. A. Sergeant (Eds.),Attention deficit disorder: Criteria, cognition, intervention(pp.117–125).Oxford:Pergamon Press.
  13. Berridge, C. W. (2001).Arousal- and attention-related actions of the locuscoeruleus–noradrenergic system: Potential target in the therapeuticactions of amphetamine-like stimulants. In M. V. Solanto , A. F. T. Arnsten , & F. X. Castellanos (Eds.),Stimulant drugs and ADHD: Basic and clinical neuroscience(pp.158–184).New York:Oxford University Press. · DOI
  14. Rothbart, M. K. , & Bates, J. E. (1998).Temperament. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.),Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, andpersonality development (pp.105–176).New York:Wiley.

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Authors
NIGG, J. T., & CASEY, B. J.
Affiliations
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • Cornell University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2005-09
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
785-806
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
DOI
10.1017/s0954579405050376
OpenAlex
W2133071740
Semantic Scholar
db5357ccb3aa14505ed4437ae9473313adc26425
Cited by
593
References
120
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 37
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 61 d)
Locations
  • Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R10 MH63255, R01MH063146, R01MH059105)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA015882)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prefrontal cortex development, cognitive control, affective control, emotional meaning, event prediction, conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, neuropsychological characteristics
MeSH terms
Affect, Amygdala, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Nerve Net, Neurosciences, Phenotype, Psychological Theory

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