The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neural Substrates of Decision Making in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include abnormalities in reward responsivity that may interfere with decision making. The study examined reward responsivity in ADHD by comparing the neural correlates of decision making in adults with childhood-onset ADHD and in healthy adults. METHOD: The neural correlates of performance on a decision-making task and a control task were compared in 10 adults with ADHD and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers by using [(15)O]H(2)O positron emission tomography. The decision-making task tested the ability to weigh short-term rewards against long-term losses. The control task matched all components of the decision-making task except for the decision-making process and related contingency. RESULTS: The ventral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the insula were activated during performance of the decision-making task in both the ADHD and healthy groups; however, activation in the ADHD group was less extended and did not involve other regions, such as anterior cingulate and hippocampus, that subserve emotion/memory processes. Direct comparison of data from the ADHD subjects and the healthy volunteers suggested that the healthy subjects engaged the hippocampal and insular regions more than did the ADHD subjects and that the ADHD subjects recruited the caudal part of the right anterior cingulate more than did the healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the neural circuits engaged during decision making differ in subjects with ADHD and healthy comparison subjects. This difference may explain observed deficits in motivated behaviors in ADHD. A better understanding of the nature of these deficits could ultimately be applied to refine treatment strategies for ADHD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Disturbed ACC functioning in ADHD is supported by a growing body of evidence.”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Ernst et al. 2003
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, a study by Ernst et al. [61] also did not find any differences in the net score on the standard IGT between adults with ADHD and NCs (Cohen’s d = 0.08).”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“However, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) analyses of the participants in the Ernst et al. [61] study did reveal the involvement of different neural networks (in particular the anterior cingulate, hippocampus, and insula) subserving emotion and memory processing in adults with ADHD as compared to the NCs during the performance of the IGT.”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“Much like Agay et al. [59], two other studies have also reported no greater levels of risky performance in adults with ADHD on the standard IGT when compared to NCs [61], [64], and one other study only revealed aberrant performance on the standard IGT in a subgroup of adults with ADHD with both hard drug dependence and working memory problems [60].”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“participants with ADHD-C and ADHD-I [51], [61], [68] (3/15 = 20% of studies with null findings)”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [61]
Citations
Cites
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688
Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01483-2 · Cited by 6,259
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 · Cited by 6,128
Robins, L. N. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001 · Cited by 5,219
Talairach, J., Tournoux, P., & Rayport, M. (1988) · Thieme eBooks · Cited by 5,058
Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416
The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A Step in the Validation of a New Self-Report Scale
Derogatis, L. R., Rickels, K., & Rock, A. F. (1976) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.128.3.280 · Cited by 2,298
Anticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens
Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-16-j0002.2001 · Cited by 2,244
Rapid Automated Algorithm for Aligning and Reslicing PET Images
Woods, R. P., Cherry, S. R., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1992) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199207000-00024 · Cited by 1,901
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–254 of 254
Kutz, A. M. (2016) · DigitalCommons (California Polytechnic State University) · Cited by 2
Exploring the Relationships Between Problem Gambling and ADHD
Theule, J., Hurl, K. E., Cheung, K., Ward, M. A., & Henrikson, B. (2016) · Cited by 2
Stormezand, G. N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_30 · Cited by 2
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter
Alm, B., & Sobanski, E. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33129-2_64 · Cited by 2
Filipović, B., Nikolić, V., Velibor, S., Lešić, A., & Gordana, T.-P. (2005) · Acta veterinaria · doi:10.2298/avb0503203f · Cited by 2
Recent Developments in the Neuroimaging of ADHD
Pliszka, S. R. (2005) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.13.2.1.64603 · Cited by 2
Decision-Making in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Halbe, E., Schulze, M., Lux, S., Coghill, D., & Philipsen, A. (2025) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-00880-0_15 · Cited by 1
Brain Imaging in Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Schneider, M., Rösler, M., & Retz, W. (2009) · Key issues in mental health (Online)/Key issues in mental health (Print) · doi:10.1159/000258451 · Cited by 2
ADHS und Sucht – Untersuchungen mit bildgebenden Verfahren
Stoy, M., Wrase, J., Heinz, A., & Ströhle, A. (2006) · SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice · doi:10.1024/2006.06.05 · Cited by 1
Salavert, J. (2015) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa) · Cited by 1
Risicovol gedrag op goktaken bij personen met ADHD
Gaastra, G. F., Groen, Y., & Tucha, O. M. (2016) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-015-0109-9 · Cited by 2
Mental Disorders Across the Life Span and the Role of Executive Function Networks
Carlson, M. C., Eldreth, D. A., Chuang, Y., & Eaton, W. W. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0009 · Cited by 2
Stormezand, G. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_31 · Cited by 1
Çetin, İ., Bulut, H., & Şimşek, Ş. (2017) · Turkish Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1515/tjb-2016-0291 · Cited by 1
Het nemen van beslissingen door volwassenen met ADHD: een systematisch literatuuronderzoek
Ariesen, A. D., Bangma, D. F., Fuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, O. M., & Koerts, J. (2020) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-020-00258-z · Cited by 1
da Silva, D. M. A. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2014.tde-01042014-092229 · Cited by 2
Wang, Y. (2008) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2008.00975 · Cited by 1
Disentangling Brain Networks in Adult ADHD: Studies with fMRI and TMS
Schneider, M. (2012) · RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · Cited by 1
Harrow, S.-E. (2009) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/3736 · Cited by 1
McEachen, B. T. G. (2011) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 1
Aune, E. (2014) · The Mathematics Enthusiast · Cited by 1
Examining Neuropsychological Sex Differences in Young Adult Cannabis Users
Crane, N. A. (2013) · Figshare
Czego dowiedzieliśmy się o ADHD dzięki czynnościowym badaniom neuroobrazowym?
Dąbkowska, M. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Adult correlates of early behavioral maladjustment: a study of injured drivers.
Ryb, G. E., Dischinger, P. C., Smith, G. S., & Soderstrom, C. A. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
Tropiano, H., Margaret Reardon Ph., D., Robertson, D. U., & Ph., D. (2014)
Carrier, J.-N. (2013) · Le dépôt institutionnel (Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières)
Thalmeier, T. (2009) · Electronic Theses of LMU Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.10936
Prediction in Human Decision Making: A Modeling Approach
Kianifar, R., Towhidkhah, F., & Gharibzadeh, S. (2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Procesamiento cortical rápido de estímulos emocionales y toma de decisiones en humanos
Petroni, A. (2012) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
Benkendorf, C. B., Sakae, T. M., & Xavier, A. J. (2010)
Patte, K. A. (2015) · YorkSpace (York University)
D2 Dopamine Receptor Mediation of Risky Decision-making
Simon, N. W. (2011) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Carrasco, X., Henríquez, M. L. C., Zamorano, F. J., Paula Rothhammer, A., Daiber, F., & Aboitiz, F. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70573-4_14
Development of a screener for the behavioral assessment of executive functions in children
García-Barrera, M. A. (2008)
Dobson-Patterson, R. (2011) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3335
Pal, A. (2018) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc1157584
Ernst, M., & Hardin, M. G. (2009)
Self-citationPublic Mental Health and the Brain Across the Life Span
Carlson, M. C., Moored, K., Rebok, G. W., & Eaton, W. W. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190916602.003.0011
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter
Sobanski, E., Alm, B., & Thome, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_85
Bangma, D. F. (2021) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.190019115
SECTION C. The Assessment Process: Differential Diagnosis
Fisher, B. C. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420004724-41
(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815002-3.00020-6
(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374927-7.00017-0
Knouse, L. E. (2003) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.11.6.17.25343
de la Torre, O. M., Valero‐Cabré, A., Gallardo‐Pujol, D., & Redolar-Ripoll, E. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517525
Saveliev, I., & Shahar, N. (2022) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ctp6y
Chapter 3. The Biological Basis Of Adhd
(2006) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615377626.lg03
Rau, H. (2013) · J. Willard Marriott Library · doi:10.26053/0h-w1a0-y800
Xia, J., Chan, Y. H., Zhao, Z., Ma, X., Rajapakse, J. C., & Wu, D. (2026) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2026.104321
Metadata
- Authors
- Ernst, M., Kimes, A. S., London, E. D., Matochik, J. A., Eldreth, D., Tata, S., Contoreggi, C., Leff, M., & Bolla, K.
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1061-1070
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2151854266
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 10.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA11426, R01DA011426)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR0 2719, M01RR002719)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, decision-making, reward sensitivity, neural correlates, ventral prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, motivated behavior, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Decision Making, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Regional Blood Flow, Reward, Task Performance and Analysis, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Prefrontal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
