Anticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens
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Comparative studies have implicated the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the anticipation of incentives, but the relative responsiveness of this neural substrate during anticipation of rewards versus punishments remains unclear. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the anticipation of increasing monetary rewards and punishments would increase NAcc blood oxygen level-dependent contrast (hereafter, "activation") in eight healthy volunteers. Whereas anticipation of increasing rewards elicited both increasing self-reported happiness and NAcc activation, anticipation of increasing punishment elicited neither. However, anticipation of both rewards and punishments activated a different striatal region (the medial caudate). At the highest reward level ($5.00), NAcc activation was correlated with individual differences in self-reported happiness elicited by the reward cues. These findings suggest that whereas other striatal areas may code for expected incentive magnitude, a region in the NAcc codes for expected positive incentive value.
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The ventral striatum has been implicated in reward-related processing in humans and animals.
“The ventral striatum has been implicated in reward-related processing in humans (Knutson, Adams, Fong, & Hommer, 2001; McClure, York, & Montague, 2004) and animals (Elliott, Friston, & Dolan, 2000).”
From Gender Differences in Emotion Regulation: An fMRI Study of Cognitive Reappraisal (2008) · cites this paper as Knutson, Adams, Fong, & Hommer, 2001
Nonclinical human neuroimaging studies indicate that the mesolimbic DA response to primary rewards may operate similarly in humans in response to more abstract, or secondary, rewards such as monetary incentives.
“Nonclinical human neuroimaging studies indicate that the mesolimbic DA response to primary rewards may operate similarly in humans in response to more abstract, or secondary, rewards such as monetary incentives [98-100].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [99]
There are several other measures of impulsive decision-making, including delay aversion tasks or other methods of evaluating discounting of delayed rewards.
“There are several other measures of impulsive decision-making, including delay aversion tasks or other methods of evaluating discounting of delayed rewards (Bitsakou et al., 2006, Knutson et al., 2001, Muller et al., 2006, Rachlin et al., 1991).”
From Characterizing heterogeneity in children with and without ADHD based on reward system connectivity (2015) · cites this paper as Knutson et al., 2001
For primary (e.g., food) and secondary (e.g., money) rewards, striatum activity increases when we encounter cues that predict a likely reward and when we obtain a reward outcome.
“For primary (e.g., food) and secondary (e.g., money) rewards, striatum activity, as measured by blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signals, has been observed to increase when we encounter cues that predict a likely reward (e.g., a bell rung before mealtime 12, 13) and when we obtain a reward outcome (e.g., receive and consume the meal 14).”
From The social brain and reward: Social information processing in the human striatum (2014) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Knutson, B., Adams, C. M., Fong, G. W., & Hommer, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-08-15
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- RC159-RC159
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6763187
- OpenAlex
- W2119128116
- Cited by
- 2,244
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 56 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 128 · 2014: 147 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 18.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- nucleus accumbens, reward anticipation, monetary rewards, incentive value, striatum, happiness, incentive magnitude, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Caudate Nucleus, Cues, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nucleus Accumbens, Oxygen, Reward, Thalamus, Intuition
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