Correlation of individual differences in schizotypal personality traits with amphetamine-induced dopamine release in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Schizotypal personality traits are associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders demonstrate increased dopamine transmission in the striatum. The authors sought to determine whether individual differences in normal variation in schizotypal traits are correlated with dopamine transmission in the striatum and in extrastriatal brain regions. METHOD: Sixty-three healthy volunteers with no history of psychiatric illness completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and underwent positron emission tomography imaging with [(18)F]fallypride at baseline and after administration of oral d-amphetamine (0.43 mg/kg). Dopamine release, quantified by subtracting each participant's d-amphetamine scan from his or her baseline scan, was correlated with Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire total and factor scores using region-of-interest and voxel-wise analyses. RESULTS: Dopamine release in the striatum was positively correlated with overall schizotypal traits. The association was especially robust in the associative subdivision of the striatum. Voxel-wise analyses identified additional correlations between dopamine release and schizotypal traits in the left middle frontal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus. Exploratory analyses of Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire factor scores revealed correlations between dopamine release and disorganized schizotypal traits in the striatum, thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, insula, and inferior frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The association between dopamine signaling and psychosis phenotypes extends to individual differences in normal variation in schizotypal traits and involves dopamine transmission in both striatal and extrastriatal brain regions. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release may be a useful endophenotype for investigating the genetic basis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dopamine release or elevation in the striatum positively correlates with scores on schizotypy measures in non-clinical subjects.
“Studies showed that dopamine release or elevation in the striatum positively correlates with scores on schizotypy measures in non‐clinical subjects (see Mohr & Ettinger, 2014 for review; Woodward et al., 2011).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Woodward et al., 2011
Schizotypy trait has been linked to alterations in the dopaminergic system.
“Importantly, schizotypy trait have been linked to alterations in the dopaminergic system.”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Woodward et al., 2011
Dexamphetamine elevates the synaptic concentration of dopamine in the striatum and extra-striatum.
“It has been well established that dexamphetamine elevates the synaptic concentration of dopamine in the striatum and extra‐striatum (Martinez et al., 2003; Woodward et al., 2011)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Woodward et al., 2011
Dexamphetamine increases schizotypy scores in healthy subjects.
“and increases schizotypy scores in healthy subjects (Abi‐Dargham et al., 2004; Woodward et al., 2011)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Woodward et al., 2011
The Methods (Assessments and Study Procedures; page unavailable) say participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire before scanning. The Results (Correlation between overall schizotypal traits and dopamine release; page unavailable) report a correlation between questionnaire scores and amphetamine-induced dopamine release, not a change in schizotypy scores. A post-amphetamine increase in those scores cannot be verified from this copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Multimodality image registration by maximization of mutual information
Maes, F., Collignon, A., Vandermeulen, D., Marchal, G., & Suetens, P. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.563664 · Cited by 4,547 · see citing works
The SPQ: A Scale for the Assessment of Schizotypal Personality Based on DSM-III-R Criteria
Raine, A. (1991) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/17.4.555 · Cited by 2,164 · see citing works
Dopamine in schizophrenia: a review and reconceptualization
Davis, K. L., Kahn, R. S., Ko, G., & Davidson, M. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.11.1474 · Cited by 2,021 · see citing works
Logan, J., Fowler, J. S., Volkow, N. D., Wolf, A. P., Dewey, S. L., Schlyer, D. J., MacGregor, R. R., HITZEMANN, R. J., Bendriem, B., Gatley, S. J., et al. (1990) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1990.127 · Cited by 1,481 · see citing works
Bias between MNI and Talairach coordinates analyzed using the ICBM‐152 brain template
Lancaster, J. L., Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez, D., Martinez, M., Salinas, F., Evans, A., Zilles, K., Mazziotta, J. C., & Fox, P. T. (2007) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20345 · Cited by 1,464 · see citing works
Construction of a 3D probabilistic atlas of human cortical structures
Shattuck, D. W., Mirza, M., Adisetiyo, V., Hojatkashani, C., Salamon, G., Narr, K. L., Poldrack, R. A., Bilder, R. M., & Toga, A. W. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.031 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
Breier, A., Su, T.-P., Saunders, R., Carson, R. E., Kolachana, B. S., de Bartolomeis, A., Weinberger, D. R., Weisenfeld, N., Malhotra, A. K., Eckelman, W. C., et al. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2569 · Cited by 1,154 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Schizophrenia patients also demonstrate increased d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the striatum (16, 17).”
BackgroundIncreased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases.
Laruelle, M., Abi-Dargham, A., Gil, R. B., Kegeles, L., & Innis, R. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00067-0 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Prefrontal Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>Receptors and Working Memory in Schizophrenia
Abi-Dargham, A., Mawlawi, O., Lombardo, I., Gil, R., Martinez, D., Huang, Y., Hwang, D.-R., Keilp, J., Kochan, L., Van Heertum, R., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-09-03708.2002 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Decreased prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET
Okubo, Y., Suhara, T., Suzuki, K., Kobayashi, K., Inoue, O., Terasaki, O., Someya, Y., Sassa, T., Sudo, Y., Matsushima, E., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/385634a0 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Combining spatial extent and peak intensity to test for activations in functional imaging
Poline, J.-B., Worsley, K. J., Evans, A. C., & Friston, K. J. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0248 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Mawlawi, O., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Cooper, T., Kegeles, L., Zarahn, E., Abi-Dargham, A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000048520.34839.1a · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Mawlawi, O., Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Chatterjee, R., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Simpson, N., Ngo, K., Van Heertum, R., et al. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200109000-00002 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Comparison of Methods for Analysis of Clinical [ 11 C]Raclopride Studies
Lammertsma, A. A., Bench, C. J., Hume, S. P., Osman, S., Gunn, K. P., Brooks, D. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199601000-00005 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Woods, S. W., Addington, J., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., Cornblatt, B. A., HEINSSEN, R. K., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., et al. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp027 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Lindström, L., Gefvert, O., Hagberg, G., Lundberg, T., Bergström, M., Hartvig, P., & Långström, B. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00109-2 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Yoon, J. H., Minzenberg, M., Ursu, S., Walters, R., Wendelken, C., Ragland, J. D., & Carter, C. S. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07060945 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Chen, W. J., Hsiao, C. K., & Lin, C. C. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.4.649 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Five-Factor Model of Personality Disorder: A Proposal for DSM-V
Widiger, T. A., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153542 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Selective prefrontal cortex inputs to dopamine cells: implications for schizophrenia
Sesack, S. R., & CARR, D. (2002) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00931-9 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Chen, W. J., Hsiao, C. K., & Lin, C. C. H. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.4.649 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Deutch, A. Y. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9211-5_5 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Cadenhead, K. S., Light, G. A., Geyer, M. A., & Braff, D. L. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.55 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
PET Study of D1 Dopamine Receptor Binding in Neuroleptic-Naive Patients With Schizophrenia
Karlsson, P., Farde, L., Halldin, C., & Sedvall, G. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.761 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Kumakura, Y., Cumming, P., Vernaleken, I., Buchholz, H., Siessmeier, T., Heinz, A., Kienast, T., Bartenstein, P., & Gründer, G. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0805-07.2007 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Risperidone in the Treatment of Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Koenigsberg, H. W., Reynolds, D. A., Goodman, M. S., New, A. S., Mitropoulou, V., Trestman, R. L., Silverman, J. M., & Siever, L. J. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0602 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-report Measures of Schizotypy as Indices of Familial Vulnerability to Schizophrenia
Kendler, K. S., Thacker, L. R., & Walsh, D. (1996) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/22.3.511 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Vollema, M. G., Sitskoorn, M. M., Appels, M. C. M., & Kahn, R. S. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00350-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Amphetamine-induced displacement of [18F] fallypride in striatum and extrastriatal regions in humans
Riccardi, P., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Zald, D., Park, S., Dawant, B., Anderson, S., Doop, M., Woodward, N., Schoenberg, E., et al. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300916 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationDopamine D2 receptor availability and amphetamine-induced dopamine release in unipolar depression
Parsey, R. V., Oquendo, M. A., Zea-Ponce, Y., Rodenhiser, J., Kegeles, L. S., Pratap, M., Cooper, T. B., Van Heertum, R., Mann, J. J., & Laruelle, M. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01089-7 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Striatal dopamine synthesis in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
Huttunen, J., Heinimaa, M., Svirskis, T., Nyman, M., Kajander, J., Forsback, S., Solin, O., Ilonen, T., Korkeila, J., Ristkari, T., et al. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.017 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Abi-Dargham, A., Kegeles, L. S., Zea-Ponce, Y., Mawlawi, O., Martinez, D., Mitropoulou, V., O'Flynn, K., Koenigsberg, H. W., Van Heertum, R., Cooper, T., et al. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.018 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Factorial Structure of Schizotypy: Part I. Affinities With Syndromes of Schizophrenia
Gruzelier, J. H. (1996) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/22.4.611 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dopamine Transporters, D2 Receptors, and Dopamine Release in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder
Schneier, F., Abi-Dargham, A., Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D., Liebowitz, M., & Laruelle, M. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20543 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Stone, J. M., Davis, J. M., Leucht, S., & Pilowsky, L. S. (2008) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn009 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Croft, R. J., Lee, A., Bertolot, J., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01082-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Schizotypal traits and cognitive function in healthy adults
Noguchi, H., Hori, H., & Kunugi, H. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.023 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Compton, M. T., Goulding, S. M., Bakeman, R. A., & Tone, E. B. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.02.012 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Schizotypal traits impact upon executive working memory and aspects of IQ
Matheson, S. L., & Langdon, R. A. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.04.006 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
OTT, S., Roberts, S. A., Rock, D., Allen, J. S., & Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00339-5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Daneluzzo, E., Bustini, M., Stratta, P., CASACCHIA, M., & Rossi, A. (1998) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90073-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Zald, D. H., Woodward, N. D., Cowan, R. L., Riccardi, P., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Cowan, R. L., Smith, C. E., Hakyemez, H., Li, R., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Independent Analysis of the Copenhagen Sample of the Danish Adoption Study of Schizophrenia
Kendler, K. S. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290110023004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Correlation between P50 suppression and psychometric schizotypy among non-clinical Japanese subjects
Wang, J., Miyazato, H., Hokama, H., HIRAMATSU, K., & Kondo, T. (2004) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.06.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Matsui, M., Yuuki, H., Kato, K., et al. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561770707083x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Correlates of Schizotypal Disorganisation
Moritz, S., Andresen, B., Naber, D., Krausz, M. R., & Probsthein, E. (1999) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/135468099395873 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bedwell, J. S., Kamath, V. J., & Compton, M. T. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.11.020 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-regulation of slow cortical potentials: an event-related fMRI study
Veit, R., Strehl, U., Hinterberger, T., Erb, M., Grodd, W., & Birbaumer, N. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(00)90966-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [22]First MB Spitzer RL Gibbon M Williams JBW Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinical Version (SCID-CV) 1996 Washington, D.C American Psychiatric Press Inc
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Faraone, S. V. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.001 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
The neuromodulator of exploration: A unifying theory of the role of dopamine in personality
DeYoung, C. G. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00762 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Dopaminergic mechanisms of individual differences in human effort-based decision-making
Treadway, M. T., Buckholtz, J. W., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Schwartzman, A. N., Kessler, R. M., & Zald, D. H. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6459-11.2012 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Howes, O. D., Hird, E. J., Adams, R. A., Corlett, P. R., & McGuire, P. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.012 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Lataster, J., Collip, D., Ceccarini, J., Haas, D., Booij, L., van Os, J., Pruessner, J., Van Laere, K., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.030 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Kassim, F. M. (2023) · Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2856 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…of dopamine in the striatum and extra‐striatum (Martinez et al., 2003; Woodward et al., 2011) and increases schizotypy scores in healthy subjects (Abi‐Dargham et al., 2004; Woodward et al., 2011) and the effect is reversed by dopamine antagonist (e.g., haloperidol) (Angrist et al., 1974).”
Background
- Authors
- Woodward, N. D., Cowan, R. L., Park, S., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Li, R., Doop, M., Kessler, R. M., & Zald, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 418-426
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC3770457
- OpenAlex
- W2169802681
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH6089 8 -03)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA019670)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- schizotypal personality traits, dopamine release, amphetamine challenge, striatum, endophenotypes, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, individual differences, associative striatum, frontal cortex, thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amphetamine, Brain, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Individuality, Male, Personality Inventory, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Temporal Lobe, Thalamus, Single-Blind Method, Positron-Emission Tomography, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
