The DOI matches its Crossref record; 155 of the 155 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 92 of the 219 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidence-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to identify scalable evidence-based suicide prevention strategies. METHODS: A search of PubMed and Google Scholar identified 20,234 articles published between September 2005 and December 2019, of which 97 were randomized controlled trials with suicidal behavior or ideation as primary outcomes or epidemiological studies of limiting access to lethal means, using educational approaches, and the impact of antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: Training primary care physicians in depression recognition and treatment prevents suicide. Educating youths on depression and suicidal behavior, as well as active outreach to psychiatric patients after discharge or a suicidal crisis, prevents suicidal behavior. Meta-analyses find that antidepressants prevent suicide attempts, but individual randomized controlled trials appear to be underpowered. Ketamine reduces suicidal ideation in hours but is untested for suicidal behavior prevention. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy prevent suicidal behavior. Active screening for suicidal ideation or behavior is not proven to be better than just screening for depression. Education of gatekeepers about youth suicidal behavior lacks effectiveness. No randomized trials have been reported for gatekeeper training for prevention of adult suicidal behavior. Algorithm-driven electronic health record screening, Internet-based screening, and smartphone passive monitoring to identify high-risk patients are understudied. Means restriction, including of firearms, prevents suicide but is sporadically employed in the United States, even though firearms are used in half of all U.S. suicides. CONCLUSIONS: Training general practitioners warrants wider implementation and testing in other nonpsychiatrist physician settings. Active follow-up of patients after discharge or a suicide-related crisis should be routine, and restricting firearm access by at-risk individuals warrants wider use. Combination approaches in health care systems show promise in reducing suicide in several countries, but evaluating the benefit attributable to each component is essential. Further suicide rate reduction requires evaluating newer approaches, such as electronic health record-derived algorithms, Internet-based screening methods, ketamine's potential benefit for preventing attempts, and passive monitoring of acute suicide risk change.
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Claims the paper makes
35 Partly supported · 34 No full text of the sources · 21 No basis given · 9 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 8 Own method · 6 Own result · 5 Mixed support · 5 Not checked yet · 3 Supported so far · 2 Supported · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not supported · accuracy not yet measured
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“SSRIs target serotonin, and appeared more effective than noradrenergic drugs for suicidal ideation.(59, 61)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [59] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page not provided) reports an exploratory finding that patients with more severe baseline suicidal ideation improved more on the SSRI paroxetine than on bupropion. It also says the primary treatment effects were not significant. The claim omits those limits and generalizes a comparison of two drugs to SSRIs and noradrenergic drugs as classes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Disputedcites [61] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that suicidal ideation decreased with both escitalopram (an SSRI) and nortriptyline, with no overall difference between them. It identifies a narrower exception: men taking nortriptyline had higher rates of treatment-emergent or worsening suicidal ideation. That does not support the unqualified claim that SSRIs appeared more effective. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“One systematic review of antidepressants in pediatric populations found SSRIs increased odds of a suicide attempt,(53) but most subsequent meta-analyses and epidemiological studies in both pediatric(48),(50) and adult populations(49, 52, 66, 67, 86) reported a more favorable risk-benefit ratio than the FDA analyses,(51, 87) including benefits for suicidal behavior.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [48] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Suicide-related outcomes; page unavailable) found no significant difference in suicide-related risk between SNRIs and placebo in children and adolescents, not a benefit for suicidal behavior. The Results (Acceptability outcomes; page unavailable) also report significantly more discontinuations for adverse effects with SNRIs. This paper does not support the favorable pediatric risk-benefit finding attributed to it; it does not assess adult populations or compare its findings directly with the FDA analyses. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [50] source
- Partly supportedcites [49] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports antidepressant benefits in youth and adults and says the findings should prompt reconsideration of the risk–benefit equation behind the warning about suicidal thinking in children. It does not report a benefit for suicidal behavior or establish what most subsequent meta-analyses and epidemiological studies found; this paper analyzes trial data for fluoxetine and venlafaxine. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supportedcites [52] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The COMMENT section reports significantly lower suicide-risk measures with antidepressant treatment in adult and geriatric patients. But it says those adult findings largely agree with the FDA’s, rather than showing a more favorable result, and that the study could not analyze suicidal behavior separately from ideation. It therefore supports an adult suicide-risk benefit, not the full comparison or a distinct benefit for suicidal behavior. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [66] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [67] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [86] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Disputed
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Both pediatric and adult studies of antidepressant effects on suicidal behavior show reductions in suicidal behavior in meta-analyses, more readily than in individual RCTs, probably because the low base rate of suicide attempts requires larger sample sizes.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [48] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Suicide-related outcomes; page unavailable) report no significant reduction in suicide-related outcomes with SNRIs versus placebo in the pooled pediatric trials (RR=1.09; 95% CI=0.60–1.99). The paper does not examine adult trials, so it cannot support that part of the claim either. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Could not verifycites [49] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved depression response and remission in youth and adults, but does not report reductions in suicidal behavior. A separate Discussion passage mentions the pediatric warning about suicidal thinking; neither it nor the Methods passages establish the claimed comparison between meta-analyses and individual RCTs. Searches for suicidal behavior, suicide attempts, and the proposed low-base-rate explanation found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [50] source
- Partly supportedcites [52] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The COMMENT reports significant reductions in suicide-risk measures for treated adults in an analysis combining trial data, and the METHODS notes that suicide attempts and deaths were too few for well-powered comparisons. But the RESULTS > YOUTH FLUOXETINE STUDIES found no significant treatment effect in youths. The paper also says it lacked power to analyze suicidal behavior separately from ideation, so it does not establish the claimed reduction in suicidal behavior for both age groups or directly compare meta-analyses with individual RCTs. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Disputedcites [53] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report the opposite direction for the paper’s pooled analysis: SSRIs significantly increased suicide attempts compared with placebo, rather than reducing them. The Introduction notes that rare events can make differences hard to detect in individual studies, but its mention of an earlier reduction concerns suicidal ideation, not suicidal behavior. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [66] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [67] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [86] source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Disputed
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The decline in suicide rates was observed in the study sample of 19,248 suicides who were in treatment within 12 months of death studied 1997–2012.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [34] source
The Results (p. 5) report 19,248 patient suicides in England during 1997–2012 and a decrease in suicide rates in the patient population. The Suicide data section (p. 2) defines the patients as people who had contact with mental health services within 12 months of death; it does not say they were in treatment throughout those 12 months. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Targeting high school students prevented student suicide attempts (29, 30) whereas targeting teachers (29) and all but one parent study (Table S1), did not find benefit.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
- Supportedcites [30] source
The Discussion reports significantly fewer suicide attempts among high school students receiving SOS than among untreated controls three months after the intervention. The Conclusion describes a reduction in self-reported attempts; the evidence supports prevention in the sense of reducing attempts, not eliminating them. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“One study in the United Kingdom (34) found benefit for an array of clinical service changes including improved depression management, continuity of care from adolescent patient services to adult patient services, improved community services and lower staff turnover and found reduced suicide rates with incident rate ratios of .71–.79.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [34] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Summary (p. 1) reports incidence rate ratios of 0.71–0.79 for service changes, and the Results (p. 5) identify depression guidance, community treatment teams, and transitions to adult services among changes associated with lower suicide rates. The paper treats low staff turnover separately as an organisational factor that strengthened the association between service changes and reduced suicide rates (Results, p. 6), not as a clinical service change with an incidence rate ratio in that range. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Training primary care doctors and nurses at the local and state level to better screen and treat depression with supplemental help available from psychiatrists, lowered suicide rates,(12–19) nonfatal suicide attempts(20, 21) and ideation(22) (Table 2).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [20] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (General effect on suicidal acts; page unavailable) report fewer attempted suicides relative to controls in Portugal, but no overall reduction across the four countries. The implementation findings describe GP training, not a demonstrated effect of training doctors and nurses with supplemental psychiatric help; the Discussion says the contribution of any single intervention measure cannot be isolated. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In the second study, 4,133 high students were randomized to a mental health and suicide education program or control group. Less suicidal behavior was observed in the active intervention group relative to the control group over the next year.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [30] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (Methods) reports 4,133 high school students assigned to intervention and control groups, and the Discussion reports significantly fewer suicide attempts in the intervention group. But the outcome was measured approximately three months after the program, not over the next year. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Doctors in primary care and other non-psychiatric care settings see 45% of future suicide decedents in the 30 days prior to suicide, and 77% within 12 months of suicide,(11) about double the rate consulting mental health professionals.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report approximately 45% contact with primary care providers within one month and 77% within one year, versus 19% and 32% contact with mental health services—roughly twice as high. These figures concern primary care providers; the paper does not establish the same rates for other non-psychiatric care settings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Repeated education sessions reduced suicide rates progressively for years.(12, 21)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [12] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Intervention Training section documents repeated education sessions, and the Primary Outcome section reports a lower mean annual suicide rate during the five intervention years than during the five preceding years. The paper does not establish that rates fell progressively year by year; the Comment section also says it cannot determine whether education, additional resources, or both accounted for the change. (LLM, conf=0.89)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“Banning pesticides in Sri Lanka reduced pesticide-related suicide rates without a concurrent increase in non-pesticide suicide deaths.(139)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
- Disputedcites [139] Knipe DW, 2017, PLoS One sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a 50% decline in pesticide-related suicide rates between 2011 and 2015, but also a concurrent 2% rise in non-pesticide suicide rates. The claim's assertion that there was no concurrent increase is therefore contrary to the paper's findings. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Disputed
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Group psychotherapies reduced suicidal ideation in 5/10 studies(100–109) and suicide in one,(100) but none reported reducing nonfatal suicide attempts (Table S3c).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [100] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [101] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [102] source
- Partly supportedcites [103] Ebrahimi H, 2014, J Caring Sci sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and Conclusion report that spiritual-religious group psychotherapy reduced suicidal ideation in this trial of depressed patients. The paper does not establish the 5-of-10-study count or report a reduction in suicide deaths; it also cannot establish what all ten studies reported about nonfatal attempts. No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [104] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (Intervention Effects; page unavailable) reports reduced suicidal ideation after an empowerment-based group intervention compared with standard care. The Method (Procedure; page unavailable) identifies suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms as the two primary outcomes; this paper does not report a reduction in suicide deaths or establish the citing sentence’s counts across ten studies. It also does not report a reduction in nonfatal suicide attempts. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [105] Hazell PL, 2009, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry source
- Disputedcites [106] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Adverse events; page unavailable) state that no completed suicide or other death occurred in this trial, contrary to the claim that this study found a reduction in suicide. The Results (Outcomes and estimation; page unavailable) also report no significant added benefit of group therapy over routine care for self-harm frequency. This paper does not substantiate the claim's count of five studies finding reduced suicidal ideation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Partly supportedcites [107] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report no difference in suicide attempts between STEPPS plus treatment as usual and treatment as usual alone, supporting this study’s contribution to the claim about nonfatal attempts. The Discussion (page unavailable) says there were no suicides. This single trial does not establish the totals of 5 of 10 studies reducing suicidal ideation or one study reducing suicide. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [108] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results and the section ‘Outcome measures at baseline, post-assessment and follow-up’ report no significant difference in repeated self-harm between this trial’s group-therapy and usual-care arms. The paper does not establish the claim’s totals across ten studies or show that its intervention reduced suicidal ideation or suicide; those parts cannot be verified from this source. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [109] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Some cited sources support this claim and some don’t — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Internet-based interventions have not been shown to prevent suicidal behavior (Table S5) but are highly scalable. Only 3/10 studies reported benefit for suicidal ideation(117–123) (Table S5).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table S5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [117] source
The Discussion (page not available) reports significantly less suicidal ideation on weekly surveys among participants receiving the Internet-delivered intervention than among waitlisted participants. This supports citing the paper as a study reporting benefit for suicidal ideation; the 3-of-10 count is the citing authors’ synthesis, not a result attributed to this individual study. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Disputedcites [118] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The introduction (manuscript p. 5) reports that a game-like app significantly reduced suicidal behaviors, although the effect was not maintained at one month. That contradicts the categorical claim that internet-based interventions have not been shown to prevent suicidal behavior. The paper does not report a tally of benefits in 3 of 10 studies of suicidal ideation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Partly supportedcites [119] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Suicidal ideation (DSI-SS) results report no significant difference between the ibobbly and waitlist groups, so this trial supports an example of an intervention without demonstrated benefit for suicidal ideation. It does not establish the claim that only 3 of 10 studies reported benefit. The trial measured suicidal ideation, not whether internet-based interventions prevent suicidal behavior. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [120] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Main Outcome Measures; page unavailable) report a significant reduction in suicidal thoughts, so this trial provides an example of a study reporting benefit for suicidal ideation. The Results (Safety Procedure; page unavailable) report no significant difference in suicide attempts between groups. This single trial does not establish the citing paper’s aggregate count of 3 beneficial studies out of 10 or the broader claim that internet-based interventions have not been shown to prevent suicidal behavior. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Partly supportedcites [121] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Mixed models section (page unavailable) reports that suicidal ideation declined, but the change did not differ significantly between intervention conditions. This supports counting this trial as one without a demonstrated ideation benefit over its comparators. The paper does not establish the claimed 3-of-10 tally or assess whether internet interventions prevent suicidal behavior. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Could not verifycites [122] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes studies of online resources for increasing help seeking, not studies of suicidal behavior or ideation. The study’s outcomes were literacy, stigma, and help-seeking attitudes and intentions. Searches for suicidal behavior, suicidal ideation, and the claimed 3-of-10 count found no passage in our copy that addresses those claims. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Could not verifycites [123] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods section, “Measures (Mental) Health and Problem Behavior” (page unavailable), says the study asked adolescents about suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The Abstract (page unavailable) describes a comparison of web-based and paper questionnaires, not an intervention. Searches for intervention effects and the claimed 3-of-10 result found no passage addressing either claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Doctors in primary care and other non-psychiatric care settings see 45% of future suicide decedents in the 30 days prior to suicide, and 77% within 12 months of suicide,(11) about double the rate consulting mental health professionals.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results section reports approximately 45% contact within one month and 77% within one year, and says primary-care contact was more common than mental-health-service contact. Those percentages are specifically for primary care providers; the paper does not establish them for primary care combined with other non-psychiatric settings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A meta-analysis found that intravenous ketamine improved suicidal ideation but other routes of administration lacked proof of efficacy.(78)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [78] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results > Intravenous section reports meta-analyses finding reduced suicidal ideation after intravenous ketamine, while the Abstract > Results says evidence for other routes is limited and poorer in quality. But the cited paper is a review of 24 articles, not itself a meta-analysis, and it does not establish that other routes are ineffective; it reports mixed findings. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Seventeen pharmacotherapy trials with suicidal behavior as an outcome (Table S2a), including twelve studies in adults, five pediatric studies and seven RCT meta-analyses(48–54), have appeared since the FDA(51) adopted black box warnings in 2004 and 2006 regarding psychotropic medication-related suicide risk in children and young adults, respectively.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [48] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (Study selection and characteristics; page unavailable) identify this 2016 paper as a meta-analysis of five pediatric SNRI trials, and the Suicide-related outcomes section reports an analysis of suicide-related risk. The paper does not establish the citing sentence’s totals of 17 pharmacotherapy trials, 12 adult studies, or seven meta-analyses; the passages examined also do not state the claimed 2004 and 2006 FDA warning dates. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Partly supportedcites [49] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) mentions a black-box warning concerning suicidal thinking and antidepressants in children, supporting part of the FDA-warning clause to which this citation is attached. It does not give the 2004 and 2006 dates or mention a warning for young adults. The Methods describe different trial counts and do not establish the citing sentence’s counts of trials with suicidal behavior as an outcome or RCT meta-analyses. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [50] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [51] source
- Supportedcites [52] source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites [53] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods and Results identify this paper as a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials assessing suicide attempts, so it supports its inclusion as one of the cited RCT meta-analyses. The Introduction mentions FDA advisories, but the paper does not establish the stated counts of 17 trials, 12 adult studies, five pediatric studies, and seven meta-analyses. Published in February 2005, it also cannot substantiate a 2006 FDA warning. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Pesticide ingestion was employed in approximately one-third of suicides worldwide, mostly in rural Asia and Latin America.(138)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [138] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion’s “Main findings” estimates that pesticide ingestion caused approximately one-third of worldwide suicides in 2002. The geographic qualifier is overstated: the paper reports a large burden in Asian regions, but its Results for the Americas estimate only 3,105 pesticide suicides, or 4.9% of suicides there. It does not establish that worldwide pesticide suicides occurred mostly in rural Asia and Latin America. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Restricting access to the most available and lethal means for suicide, such as firearms, lowered suicide rates using the restricted method,(127–137) and lowered overall suicide rates when the method was sufficiently widely used.(127, 130–135)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [127] source
- Supportedcites [128] source
Section 3.2 reports that restricting common suicide means has lowered overall suicide rates in some countries, and that reduced availability of a lethal means is associated with lower method-specific rates. Its firearms examples report declines in firearm suicides; the Discussion says restriction may be particularly effective where a method is popular, highly lethal, or widely available. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Partly supportedcites [129] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion and results sections (pages not specified) report lower pesticide-specific and all-method rates after a pesticide-storage intervention; the all-method comparison combines attempted and completed suicides. The paper does not study firearms or establish that an overall reduction occurs only when the restricted method is sufficiently widely used. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not matchedcites [130] Thompson AJ, 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [131] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [132] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [133] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [134] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [135] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [136] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“In substance use disorders, CBT reduced attempt frequency compared with TAU in adolescents(92) but not in adults.(93)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [92] source
The Results section reports that significantly fewer adolescents receiving integrated CBT than enhanced treatment as usual made a suicide attempt over 18 months. The separate claim about adults is attributed to citation (93), not to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [93] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The exceptions are a collaborative care program involving lay health workers in both primary and private care settings(116), and depression screening studies in which psychiatrists oversaw the antidepressant treatment resulting in reduced suicide rates in both men and women (Table 2).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [116] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Not matchedcites Table 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Approximately 90% of suicides have a current diagnosable psychiatric disorder, most commonly a major depression that was untreated at time of death.(111, 143, 144)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [111] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and Discussion report depression screening and treatment among US adults, not psychiatric diagnoses among people who died by suicide. Searches for the 90% figure, suicide, and untreated major depression at death found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [143] source
- Could not verifycites [144] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) report that 28.5% of adult suicide decedents received recent mental health treatment and that depressed mood was associated with receiving treatment. Our copy does not report the proportion with a current diagnosable psychiatric disorder or establish that untreated major depression was the most common disorder; searches for those terms found no such passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Most suicide attempter survivors do not ultimately die by suicide, which is why means restriction, targeting the most lethal methods, saves many lives.(154, 155)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [154] source
- Partly supportedcites [155] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction’s discussion of means substitution (page unavailable) says restricting common, highly lethal methods can lead to attempts with less dangerous means and a greater chance of survival. The paper does not establish the separate claim that most people who survive a suicide attempt never subsequently die by suicide. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Pesticides are highly lethal, the leading suicide method worldwide, and the decline in suicide deaths worldwide is largely due to restricting access to pesticides where those deaths happen, namely in rural China,(138, 158) India(129) and Sri Lanka.(159)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [138] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background (page not provided) reports that pesticides are the most common suicide method worldwide and that ingestion of some pesticides is particularly lethal. The Discussion’s policy section recommends restricting access to toxic pesticides, but the paper does not say that a worldwide decline in suicide deaths has occurred or attribute such a decline largely to restrictions in rural China, India, and Sri Lanka. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Partly supportedcites [158] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s section on patterns of suicide reports that pesticide ingestion is highly lethal and is the most frequently used suicide method in China and Sri Lanka; in India, it is the most frequently used agent for self-poisoning. Its sections on method availability and prevention describe a large global death toll and advocate restricting access, but do not establish that pesticides are the leading method worldwide or that a worldwide decline in suicide deaths was largely caused by restrictions in China, India, and Sri Lanka. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [129] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background describes pesticide ingestion as the leading means of suicide worldwide and reports a 10–20% case-fatality rate in Asian countries. The Pesticide suicides results report fewer completed pesticide suicides after a storage intervention in the study’s Indian villages. The paper does not establish that restricting access in India was largely responsible for a worldwide decline in suicide deaths. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [159] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Abstract Results report high case-fatality from pesticide self-poisoning and a decline in Sri Lankan suicides coinciding with restrictions on the most toxic pesticides. But the Discussion’s Limitations section cautions that the ecological data cannot establish causation. The paper calls pesticides one of the most frequently used suicide methods worldwide, not the leading method, and does not establish that a worldwide decline in suicide deaths was largely due to pesticide restrictions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The greatest risk for repeating a suicide attempt is in the month following an index attempt, and particularly after discharge of a psychiatric patient from an emergency department or inpatient hospital unit.(110–112)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [110] source
- Could not verifycites [111] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Treatment Modalities and Discussion passages address depression care and psychological distress, not repeat suicide attempts. Searches for risk in the month after an index attempt and for risk after emergency-department or inpatient discharge found no passage addressing either point in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites [112] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that most subsequent fatal attempts occurred within a year of the index attempt, and the Conclusions discuss psychiatric follow-up after discharge from an emergency department or inpatient service. The paper does not establish that repeat attempts are most likely in the first month or particularly likely after discharge; its Discussion says the study did not identify the number and frequency of subsequent attempts among survivors. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Two studies in high schools found pupil education prevented suicide attempts (29, 30), with one finding it more effective than teacher/gatekeeper training, the latter was no better than the control arm of the study.(29)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
- Partly supportedcites [30] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports significantly fewer suicide attempts among high-school students receiving SOS than among untreated controls three months after the intervention. The Methods describe only an SOS intervention group and an untreated control group; this paper does not report a teacher/gatekeeper-training arm or compare its effectiveness with pupil education or control. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT and DBT prevent suicidal behavior.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Abstract > Results:
direct- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Means restriction, including firearms, prevents suicide, but is rarely employed in the U.S., even though firearms are used in half of all U.S. suicides.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Abstract > Results:
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The intervention counties exhibited a decline in youth suicide rates that did not extend to other causes of death in youth or to adult suicide rates, compared with 969 demographical and sociologically comparable counties where this program was not implemented.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, this benefit lasted for 2 years beyond the intervention, and was proportional to the number of years the program ran.(32)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [32] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the 20,234 articles identified or their bibliographies, 97 RCTs and 30 epidemiologic studies with suicide, attempted suicide or suicidal ideation as primary outcomes of interest were selected to evaluate prevention strategies (Table 1; Figure 2).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In 1980, the annual suicide rate was 38/100,000 in those over age 15 yrs. Since 2007, the rate has stabilized at 11.4/100,000.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Three adolescent and young adult RCT studies found antidepressants reduced suicidal ideation,(62, 64, 65) one did not,(85) and none found a reduction in suicide behavior.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By contrast, when GPs delivered this treatment, it worked in women but not men (Table 2).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) decreased suicidal behavior risk in adults and adolescents with depression, adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD), and halved suicide re-attempt rates in patients presenting to an emergency department following a recent suicide attempt compared with treatment as usual (TAU).(90)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [90] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Gun access restriction and gun safety robustly reduced firearm suicides with only modest method substitution.(127, 132–135)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This benefited suicidal ideation, but mostly did not prevent suicidal behavior.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) reduced suicidal ideation, but samples were too small to evaluate effects on attempts (Table S2b).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table S2b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Follow-up contact interventions as simple as sending postcards prevented suicide attempt in 2/4 studies (Table S4), consistent with older studies that found a robust benefit for reducing suicidal behaviors.(110) Enhancing treatment engagement and compliance following an ER visit or hospital stay through follow-up contact calls, reduced attempts or ideation in 4/5 studies (Table S4).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table S4
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [110] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Firearm suicide rate was closely related to firearm ownership rate.(140) Firearms are used in half of all U.S. suicides.(130, 131)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for BPD in adolescents, college students and adults prevented suicide attempts, hospitalization for suicidal ideation and lessened medical consequences of self-harm behaviors compared with treatment as usual (Table S3a).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table S3a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Education directed at youth prevents suicidal behavior but when directed at teachers does not; no RCT data are available for prevention of adult suicide.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > CONCLUSIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Pre-discharge education and assertive outreach after discharge, prevent suicide attempts (Table 2; Table S1).”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table 2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Table S1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CBT, DBT and individual psychodynamic psychotherapies prevent suicide attempts, but aside from CBT, scalability limits their value in suicide prevention.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Danish suicide prevention effort has many components, and one of the most important was means restriction but other elements included a 66% increase in psychiatric services since 2000, establishment of Suicide Prevention Clinics, Psychiatric Emergency Outreach Teams and post-discharge program called Strengthening Outpatient Care After Discharge.(36)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The search used PubMed and Google Scholar for the period 2005 to 2019, in accordance with PRISMA standards for systematic reviews.(9)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Method
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We will show that U.S. suicide rate increase relative to the rest of the world has happened in the context of under-utilized, proven suicide prevention options.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Introduction
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study did not control for changes in the secular suicide rate, and there was no randomization of the intervention, despite the fact that the poorest districts where the interventions were deployed had the greatest declines in suicide rates.(35)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > EDUCATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Meta-analyses of both RCT and pharmaco-epidemiological studies often found stronger effects than single RCTs, perhaps because they included a larger sample.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pharmaco-epidemiologic studies often involve a much larger sample and follow outcomes over a longer time frame and apply less stringent participant exclusion criteria, resulting in the inclusion of a more clinically relevant patient population, including dual diagnosis and more severe presentations.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Improved gun safety is more feasible than reducing gun ownership in the U.S. because of legal impediments to national gun control, and most guns used for suicide were purchased years prior to the suicide.(132)”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Results > MEANS RESTRICTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [132] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Legal precedents and public opinion have undermined gun control and buyback programs in the United States.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rapid, robust reduction of suicidal ideation may dramatically increase patient safety, but its effect on suicidal behavior is unknown and a priority for suicide prevention research.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Small sample sizes, too few studies and lack of replication studies prevent firm conclusions about many approaches.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fast-acting medications like ketamine may have a role during acute suicide risk but are untested for prevention of suicide attempts.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > CONCLUSIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evaluating complex interventions with multiple components makes it hard to determine the effective elements.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Other proven scalable strategies (Table 1) are: (1) follow-up of discharged and other acutely suicidal patients with active outreach; (2) CBT; and (3) means restriction.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > CONCLUSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Table 1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Higher risk groups (e.g., Native Americans, First Nations), demographic groups like children and the elderly, and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, eating disorders or substance use disorders, are understudied.”
§ Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidenced-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review > Discussion > LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Firearms account for half of all suicides in the United States.
“even though firearms are used in half of all U.S. suicides.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The volume of suicide prevention articles published from 2005 to 2019 was more than four times the volume published from 1966 to 2005.
“From 2005 to 2019, over four times as many articles on suicide prevention were published compared with the previous 40 years (1966–2005).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Replicated efficacy for preventing suicidal behavior and scalability are appropriate criteria for determining the best suicide prevention options.
“Applying the criteria of replicated efficacy for preventing suicidal behavior (Table 1) and scalability means that the best options for suicide prevention are:”
The paper relies on this without support.
Suicidal ideation as an outcome measure is not as closely related to suicide as nonfatal suicide attempts.
“Suicidal ideation as an outcome measure is not as closely related to suicide as are nonfatal suicide attempts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Legal precedents and public opinion have undermined gun control and buyback programs in the United States.
“but legal precedents and public opinion have undermined gun control and buyback programs, so the U.S. has not been able to emulate implementation of such programs”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A recent meta-analysis suggested that only two-thirds of the published studies demonstrated a reduction in SI with any pharmacotherapy compared to placebo [35].”
From Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the rate of suicidality, in clud ing completed suicide, is disproportionately high er in TRD populations 36 .”
From Treatment‐resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Ease of access to lethal means, such as firearms and pesticides, is associated with higher rates of suicide, and restricting access to lethal means can be an effective suicide prevention intervention.19, 20, 21”
From Global, regional, and national burden of suicide, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Ease of access to lethal means, such as firearms and pesticides, is associated with higher rates of suicide, and restricting access to lethal means can be an effective suicide prevention intervention.19, 20, 21”
From Global, regional, and national burden of suicide, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“In fact, in a probability-based study of nearly 300 public middle and high schools nationwide, schools with a greater percentage of Black students were more likely to implement a zero-tolerance policy and more likely to use excessively punitive discipline techniques (67).”
From Structural Racism and Suicide Prevention for Ethnoracially Minoritized Youth: A Conceptual Framework and Illustration Across Systems (2022) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“Lethal means restriction, or efforts to limit a person’s access to methods which may be used to attempt suicide, have demonstrated efficacy lowering suicide rates.70”
From Evidence-based youth suicide prevention and intervention in pediatric primary care settings. (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Research highlights that properly training primary care doctors and nurses can significantly lower rates of suicide, non-fatal suicide attempts, and suicidal thoughts.70”
From Evidence-based youth suicide prevention and intervention in pediatric primary care settings. (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Few effective treatments exist for suicide risk and even fewer target the suicide crisis state (Mann et al., 2021).”
From Clinical indicators of the suicide crisis and response to ketamine (2025) · cites this paper as Mann et al., 2021
Citations
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Cited by
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Items 401–500 of 558
Translating Science into Action
Moutier, C. Y., Pisani, A. R., & Stahl, S. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108564618.001
Suizidprävention überprüft: Bildung und Behandlung
Wagner, A. (2021) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1582-1509
Suizidprävention überprüft: Bildung und Behandlung
(2021) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-1463-6118
Editorial: Brief interventions in suicide prevention across the continuum of care
Britton, P. C., Berrouiguet, S., Riblet, N. B. V., & Zhong, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976855
Campion, J. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198861478.003.0051
Singh, S., & Kapoor, S. (2022) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2022-103603
Denneson, L. M., Cameron, D. C., Hooker, E. R., Laliberte, A. Z., & Chen, J. I. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-01079-6
Innovations in Psychiatric Care Models: Lessons from the Past to Inform the Future
Beizai, K., Stone, A., & Joshi, Y. B. (2022) · Future of business and finance · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99838-7_2
Husky, M. M., Léon, C., du Roscoät, E., & Vasiliadis, H. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221148320 · Cited by 1
Singh, A., Kaur, H., & Singh, S. (2023) · Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences · doi:10.9734/arjass/2023/v19i1418 · Cited by 2
Suicide Preventive Interventions and Knowledge
(2023) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.23021002
Sattler, A. L., Dunn, J. A., Albarran, M., Berger, C., Calugar, A., Carper, J. M., Chirravuri, L., Jawad, N. K., Zein, M., & McGovern, M. P. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.50192
Kassaw, C., & Alemayehu, S. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s419426
The Explorative Study on Present and Future of Youth Suicide Prevention Policy: A Scoping Review
Asia Counseling and Coaching Society, Kim, A. M., & Shin, D. (2023) · doi:10.47018/accr.2023.5.2.1
Review of Australia’s funding commitments for suicide prevention from 2021–22 to 2026–27
Hu, D., Comben, C., Diminic, S., & Pagliaro, C. (2023) · Australian Health Review · doi:10.1071/ah23176 · Cited by 1
Newell, S., Rynerson, A. L., Gade, P., Bahraini, N. H., Denneson, L. M., & Dobscha, S. K. (2024) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.01.004
Suicide Prevention Initiatives for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS Are Long Overdue
Kozlov, E., English, D., Smith, J. C., Pérez‐Figueroa, R., & Duberstein, P. R. (2024) · Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health · doi:10.1891/lgbtq-2023-0001
The Importance of Awareness and Prevention of Suicide Trends in Youth
Pratama, Y. Y., Mahila, N. A. D., Adnan, M., & AbuHilail, H. S. A. E. Q. (2024) · Epidemiology and Society Health Review (ESHR) · doi:10.26555/eshr.v6i1.10010
Gabilondo, A., González-Pinto, A. M., García‐Ormaza, J., et al. (2024) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental · doi:10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.05.002
Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Its Applications
王, 一. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.145302
Unintentional Intoxication or Injury and Risk for Self-Harm in Adolescents and Young Adults
Frajerman, A., Goueslard, K., Quantin, C., et al. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1692
Baldaçara, L., Grüdtner, R. R., Weber, C. A. T., Gorender, M. E., da Silva, S. P. P., Teles, A. L. S., Passos, I. C., Quevedo, J., & da Silva, A. G. (2024) · Debates em Psiquiatria · doi:10.25118/2763-9037.2024.v14.1264
Saputra, R., Nuraida, Suhardita, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.042
Priambodo, R., Fitryasari, R., & Tristiana, R. D. (2024) · Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) · doi:10.31539/joting.v6i2.10748
Rivera, B. R. G., & Mendoza-Martínez, I. A. (2024) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1006684
Editorial: Psychological intervention for suicidal ideation, behavior, and attempted suicide
Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., & Singh, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1497473
Psychosocial Predictors of Suicide Risk in Medical Students
Domínguez-González, A. D., & Castaños-Cervantes, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67710-6_7
Nery, T. D. C. D. S., Fonseca, F. P., & Cardoso, D. (2024) · Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal · doi:10.15406/frcij.2024.12.00424
Atención de urgencia por ideación suicida en Chile, periodo 2020 al 2022
Moya, P., Toro, C. N., Vidal, C., & Sierra, S. (2024) · Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes · doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2024.08.006
Key informant perspectives of suicide prevention in Australia
Bassilios, B., Dunt, D. R., Krysinska, K. E., Machlin, A., Newton, D. C., & Currier, D. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20943-6
Análise comparativa das mortes por suicídio nas regiões Norte e Nordeste no período da COVID-19
Rocha, R. P. D. C., Junior, J. L. S. D. S. S., Santos, L. M., & Biancardi, I. M. (2024) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde · doi:10.25248/reas.e18223.2024
Lawrence, R. E. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009334730.017
Prevención, detección temprana y posvención del riesgo de suicidio: una revisión narrativa
Ratti, M. F. G., Malleza, S., Bertolani, F. C., Faccioli, J. L., D'Stefano, L. V., Martinez, B. J., & Matusevich, D. (2025) · Vertex Revista Argentina de Psiquiatría · doi:10.53680/vertex.v35i166.726 · Cited by 1
Grundlagen der Diagnostik und Therapie
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-22487-4.16001-0
Pharmacists as gate keepers in suicide prevention: Assessing support needs of pharmacy teams
Stas, P., Cornelis, E., Jaegere, E. D., Claus, C., Pauwels, K., van Heeringen, K., & Portzky, G. (2025) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2025.102353
Harnessing Cumulative Risk Scores to Identify Optimal Treatment Settings for Suicidal AdolescentsPreprint
Lin, P., Combs, J., DelBello, M. P., Porter, S. C., Carle, A. C., Bridge, J. A., Axelson, D., Fornari, V., Feuer, V., Emslie, G. J., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5137580
Bornheimer, L. A., Brdar, N. M., Lapidos, A., Kelter, A. N., Miner, C., & Grogan‐Kaylor, A. C. (2025) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.70013
Britton, P. C., Bohnert, K. M., Denneson, L. M., Ganoczy, D. A., & Ilgen, M. A. (2025) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20240352
Assessing for Firearm Risks: A Rapid Review of Clinical Assessment Measures
Collins, C., Glennon, A. S., Logan‐Greene, P., Sperlich, M. I., & Seong, E. (2025) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315251329998
Study Preregistration: Typologies and Phenotypes of Youth Suicide Decedents
Hale, E. W., Johnson, R. L., Cohan, T., Kelsay, K., & Stoddard, J. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.03.020
Reel Therapy: Taking the Cinematic Route to Suicide Intervention
Ahuja, S., Walia, D., & Kumar, U. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-1403-5_25
Specific Management for Patients with Suicidal Ideation
Sell, A. M. P., Telles, B. D. B., dos Santos, F. M., Martins, M. C., Salgado, T. A., Baldez, D. P., & Passos, I. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85519-1_31
Bayliss, P., Richardson, T. H., Bell, L., Galavan, E., Rutland-Lawes, J., Nowell, C., Osafo, M., & Jobes, D. A. (2025) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a001006
Evaluating Standards of Care Training for Social Workers Completing Suicide Risk Assessment
Scott, M., & Underwood, M. (2025) · Research on social work practice · doi:10.1177/10497315251346037
“…effective interventions available to work with clients at risk or who are suicidal (Doupnik et al., 2020; Glenn et al., 2019; Haroz et al., 2024; Mann et al., 2021; Stanley & Brown, 2012); and, there is evidence that trainings can improve knowledge, comfort/con fi dence-levels and skills of…”
Muneeb, N. U. A., & Hassan, S. M. U. (2025) · Journal of Muslim Mental Health · doi:10.3998/jmmh.5390
The Ethics of TMS in the Treatment of Suicidal Ideation
Bernanke, A., Roldan, C., & Hamm, B. (2025) · Advances in neuroethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92401-9_13
Effectiveness of a communal, multilevel, interdisciplinary suicide prevention program
Reif-Leonhard, C., Lemke, D., Holz, F., Ahrens, K. F., Fehr, C., Steffens, M., Grube, M., Freitag, C. M., Kölzer, S. C., Schlitt, S., et al. (2025) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10056
A Hidden Epidemic: Suicide in the Elderly and How We Can Help
Jessica, L., & Yulianti, E. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000871
Liu, A., Otero, S., Gower, P., Allen, S., Hamilton, M., Rodriguez, I., Mittal, K., Lee, R., Baker, N. A., Patrick, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x251350456
Saito, M., Shiratori, Y., Yaguchi, C., Yamada, N., Ogawa, T., Karashima, M., Mizuhiki, T., Hori, T., & Tachikawa, H. (2025) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.70173
Does Online Peer Counselling Help in Reducing Suicidal Ideation? Outcome-Evaluation of [U25] Germany
Hildebrand, A., Weiss, M., Fernando, A., & Stemmler, M. (2025) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2025.2544766 · Cited by 1
Kerman, N., Kidd, S. A., Aubry, T., Henwood, B. F., Marshall, C. A., Oudshoorn, A., Sirotich, F., Sylvestre, J. C., & Stergiopoulos, V. (2025) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-025-01505-5
Vanzela, A. S., Silva, A. C., Pedrollo, L. F. S., Martin, I. D. S., & Vedana, K. G. G. (2025) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7754.4639
Vanzela, A. S., Silva, A. C., Pedrollo, L. F. S., Martin, I. D. S., & Vedana, K. G. G. (2025) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7754.4637
Kolhe, D., & Bhat, A. (2025) · Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.22159/ijags.2025v13i4.54062
Marazzi, F., Marika, O., Vecchio, A., GIORGIS, V. D., & Mensi, M. M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14186412 · Cited by 1
Hensley, S., Szewczyk, W., Casey, D., & Matheson, A. I. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100665 · Cited by 1
Mark, T. L., Henretty, K., & Gibbons, B. (2025) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a001027
Carrier, J., Geoffroy, M., Walter, M., Dumont, K., Orri, M., Berrouiguet, S., Lemey, C., & Séguin, M. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/66976 · Cited by 1
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Knorr, A. C., Wallace, G. T., Schatten, H. T., Prince, M. A., Boudreaux, E. D., Miller, I. W., Camargo, C. A., Conner, B. T., & Arias, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.10.007
Cox, G., O’Neill, S. M., & Kavalidou, K. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2569619
Human suicide, molecular framework
Lu, D.-Y., & Wu, H. (2025) · Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2025.16.00829
Mohamadian, F., Rostamkhani, M., Veisani, Y., et al. (2025) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs-161779
Bitran, A., Krall, H. R., Conner, K. R., & Rizvi, S. L. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122412
181Assistierter Suizid: Die Bedeutung der psychiatrischen Perspektive und von Suizidprävention
Schneider, B. (2025) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111553597-011
Mendes, C., & Lanziotti, V. (2025) · Residência Pediátrica · doi:10.25060/residpediatr-2025-1459
Vanzela, A. S., Pedrollo, L. F. S., Silva, A. C., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0338182
de Arriba-Pérez, F., & García-Méndez, S. (2025) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-025-02321-w
Prepped and Ready: A Digital Intervention for Caregivers to Reduce Suicide Risk in Youth
Sullivant, S. A., Yeh, H., Scafe, M. J., Akhouri, R., & Connelly, M. A. (2025) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045251407400 · Cited by 1
Jackson, J., Farr, M., Birnie, K., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766546
Jackson, J., Farr, M., Birnie, K., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19766549
Fletcher, C. M. E., Woolford, D. D., Gladigau, J., & Gunn, K. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688017
Additional file 1 of Sleep deprivation and suicide risk among minoritized US adolescents
Joseph, V. A., Kreski, N. T., & Keyes, K. M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26614210
Myhre, M. Ø., Walby, F. A., Bramness, J. G., & Mehlum, L. I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26625883
Additional file 1 of Electroretinography and suicidal behaviors: a systematic review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mann, J. J., Michel, C. A., & Auerbach, R. P.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 611-624
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- PMC
- PMC9092896
- OpenAlex
- W3131404594
- Semantic Scholar
- d225a918be07acd4ba6c1a8e8fa7b28bcee6cc15
- Cited by
- 655
- References
- 155
- Citations by year
- 2026: 130 · 2025: 166 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 26
- FWCI
- 10.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH090964, U01MH116923, U01MH108168)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- suicide prevention, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, primary care physicians, youth suicide, gatekeeper training, antidepressants, ketamine, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, suicide risk screening, electronic health record algorithm, internet-based screening, firearm access restrictions, means restriction
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Humans, Mass Screening, Evidence-Based Practice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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