Measures of Personal Recovery: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health systems internationally have adopted a goal of supporting recovery. Measurement of the experience of recovery is, therefore, a priority. The aim of this review was to identify and analyze recovery measures in relation to their fit with recovery and their psychometric adequacy. METHODS A systematic search of six data sources for articles, Web-based material, and conference presentations related to measurement of recovery was conducted by using a defined search strategy. Results were filtered by title and by abstract (by two raters in the case of abstracts), and the remaining papers were reviewed to identify any suitable measures of recovery. Measures were then evaluated for their fit with the recovery processes identified in the CHIME framework (connectedness, hope, identity, meaning, and empowerment) and for demonstration of nine predefined psychometric properties. RESULTS Thirteen measures of personal recovery were identified from 336 abstracts and 35 articles. The Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) was published most, and the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR) was the only measure to have all items map to the CHIME framework. No measure demonstrated all nine psychometric properties. The Stages of Recovery Instrument demonstrated the most psychometric properties (N=6), followed by the Maryland Assessment of Recovery (N=5), and the QPR and the RAS (N=4). Criterion validity, responsiveness, and feasibility were particularly underinvestigated properties. CONCLUSIONS No recovery measure can currently be unequivocally recommended, although the QPR most closely maps to the CHIME framework of recovery and the RAS is most widely published.
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- Authors
- Shanks, V., Williams, J., Leamy, M., Bird, V. J., Le Boutillier, C., & Slade, M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- The authors are affiliated with King's College London, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry. Send correspondence to Prof. Slade at Institute of Psychiatry, Box P029, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom (e-mail: ).
- Venue
- Psychiatric Services
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 974-980
- ISSN
- 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
- 1075-2730
- 1557-9700
- OpenAlex
- W2167760771
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0707-10040)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- personal recovery, recovery strategies, psychometric properties, CHIME framework, Recovery Assessment Scale, criterion validity, responsiveness, feasibility, mental health recovery
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Remission Induction
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