Depression as a Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer Mortality
Abstract
It is unclear if depression or depressive symptoms have an effect on mortality in breast cancer patients. In this population-based, nationwide, retrospective cohort study in Denmark, depression was defined as affective or anxiety disorders that necessitated psychiatric hospital admission. All the affective and anxiety disorders were divided and categorized into five ordinal diagnostic groups. Early-stage (N=10382) and late-stage (N=10211) breast cancer patients were analyzed separately with Cox's regression adjusted for well-documented somatic prognostic variables. The authors used survival analysis of data from three central registers and found that breast cancer patients with depression had a modestly but significantly higher risk of mortality depending on stage of breast cancer and time of depression. The same result was found after censoring unnatural causes of death such as accident, suicide, or homicide.
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Depression and anxiety symptoms in people living with breast cancer are associated with poorer physical health, more pain and fatigue, more substance use, poorer quality of life, less acceptance and compliance with adjuvant treatments, higher prevalence of metastasis, higher risk of relapse and mortality, as well as lower survival time.
“Depression and anxiety symptoms in people living with breast cancer are associated with poorer physical health, more pain and fatigue, more substance use, poorer quality of life, less acceptance and compliance with adjuvant treatments, higher prevalence of metastasis, higher risk of relapse and mortality, as well as lower survival time”
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- Authors
- Hjerl, K., Andersen, E. W., Keiding, N., Mouridsen, H. T., Mortensen, P. B., & Jørgensen, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Hjerl, Karen
- Venue
- Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-30
- ISSN
- 0033-3182 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012298035
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- depression, breast cancer, breast cancer mortality, prognostic factors, psychiatric hospitalization, anxiety disorders, tumor stage, survival
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Denmark, Depression, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis
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